Vulnerability of Eastern Tropical Pacific chondrichthyan fish to climate change.

Climate change is an environmental emergency threatening species and ecosystems globally. Oceans have absorbed about 90% of anthropogenic heat and 20%-30% of the carbon emissions, resulting in ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, changes in ocean stratification and nutrient availability, and more severe extreme events. Given predictions of further changes, there is a critical need to understand how marine species will be affected. Here, we used an integrated risk assessment framework to evaluate the vulnerability of 132 chondrichthyans in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) to the impacts of climate change. Taking a precautionary view, we found that almost a quarter (23%) of the ETP chondrichthyan species evaluated were highly vulnerable to climate change, and much of the rest (76%) were moderately vulnerable. Most of the highly vulnerable species are batoids (77%), and a large proportion (90%) are coastal or pelagic species that use coastal habitats as nurseries. Six species of batoids were highly vulnerable in all three components of the assessment (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity). This assessment indicates that coastal species, particularly those relying on inshore nursery areas are the most vulnerable to climate change. Ocean warming, in combination with acidification and potential deoxygenation, will likely have widespread effects on ETP chondrichthyan species, but coastal species may also contend with changes in freshwater inputs, salinity, and sea level rise. This climate-related vulnerability is compounded by other anthropogenic factors, such as overfishing and habitat degradation already occurring in the region. Mitigating the impacts of climate change on ETP chondrichthyans involves a range of approaches that include addressing habitat degradation, sustainability of exploitation, and species-specific actions may be required for species at higher risk. The assessment also highlighted the need to further understand climate change's impacts on key ETP habitats and processes and identified knowledge gaps on ETP chondrichthyan species.

El cambio climático es una emergencia medioambiental que amenaza a especies y ecosistemas en todo el mundo. Los océanos han absorbido alrededor del 90% del calor antropogénico y entre el 20% y el 30% de las emisiones de carbono, lo que ha provocado su calentamiento, acidificación, desoxigenación, cambios en la estratificación de los océanos y en la disponibilidad de nutrientes, así como fenómenos extremos más pronunciados. Dadas las predicciones de cambios, hay una importante necesidad de entender cómo las especies marinas se verán afectadas. En este estudio utilizamos una Evaluación Integrada de Riesgos para evaluar la vulnerabilidad de 132 condrictios del Pacífico Tropical Oriental (PTO) a los impactos del cambio climático. Adoptando un enfoque preventivo, estimamos que la vulnerabilidad general al cambio climático es Alta para casi una cuarta parte (23%) de las especies de condrictios del PTO evaluadas y Moderada para gran parte del resto (76%). La mayoría de las especies altamente vulnerables son batoideos (77%), y una gran proporción de éstas (90%) son especies costeras o especies pelágicas que utilizan los hábitats costeros como áreas de crianza. Seis especies de batoideos tuvieron una vulnerabilidad Alta en los tres componentes de la evaluación. Esta evaluación indica que las especies costeras, en particular las que dependen de áreas de crianza costeras, son las más vulnerables al cambio climático. Es probable que el calentamiento de los océanos, junto con la acidificación y la posible desoxigenación, tenga efectos generalizados sobre las especies de condrictios del PTO, pero las especies costeras se verán también afectadas por los cambios en los aportes de agua dulce, la salinidad y el aumento del nivel del mar. Esta vulnerabilidad relacionada con el clima se ve agravada por otros factores antropogénicos que ya se están produciendo en la región, como la sobrepesca y la degradación del hábitat. La mitigación de los impactos del cambio climático sobre los condrictios del PTO implica medidas que incluyan abordar la degradación del hábitat y la sostenibilidad de la explotación pesquera, y acciones para las especies de mayor riesgo son necesarias. Esta evaluación también destaca la necesidad de comprender mejor los impactos del cambio climático en los hábitats y procesos clave del PTO y las lagunas de conocimiento identificadas en relación con las especies de condrictios del PTO.

Osteoporotic Fractures: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Significance From the International Working Group on DXA Best Practices.

Osteoporotic fractures, also known as fragility fractures, are reflective of compromised bone strength and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Such fractures may be clinically silent, and others may present clinically with pain and deformity at the time of the injury. Unfortunately, and even at the time of detection, most individuals sustaining fragility fractures are not identified as having underlying metabolic bone disease and are not evaluated or treated to reduce the incidence of future fractures. A multidisciplinary international working group with representation from international societies dedicated to advancing the care of patients with metabolic bone disease has developed best practice recommendations for the diagnosis and evaluation of individuals with fragility fractures. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted to identify key articles on fragility fractures and their impact on the incidence of further fractures, morbidity, and mortality. This document represents consensus among the supporting societies and harmonizes best practice recommendations consistent with advances in research. A fragility fracture in an adult is an important predictor of future fractures and requires further evaluation and treatment of the underlying osteoporosis. It is important to recognize that most fragility fractures occur in patients with bone mineral density T scores higher than -2.5, and these fractures confirm the presence of skeletal fragility even in the presence of a well-maintained bone mineral density. Fragility fractures require further evaluation with exclusion of contributing factors for osteoporosis and assessment of clinical risk factors for fracture followed by appropriate pharmacological intervention designed to reduce the risk of future fracture. Because most low-trauma vertebral fractures do not present with pain, dedicated vertebral imaging and review of past imaging is useful in identifying fractures in patients at high risk for vertebral fractures. Given the importance of fractures in confirming skeletal fragility and predicting future events, it is recommended that an established classification system be used for fracture identification and reporting.

Mechanisms of resistance to oncogenic KRAS inhibition in pancreatic cancer.

KRAS inhibitors demonstrate clinical efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, resistance is common. Among patients with KRASG12C-mutant PDAC treated with adagrasib or sotorasib, mutations in PIK3CA and KRAS, and amplifications of KRASG12C, MYC, MET, EGFR, and CDK6 emerged at acquired resistance. In PDAC cell lines and organoid models treated with the KRASG12D inhibitor MRTX1133, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling associate with resistance to therapy. MRTX1133 treatment of the KrasLSL-G12D/+;Trp53LSL-R172H/+;p48-Cre (KPC) mouse model yielded deep tumor regressions, but drug resistance ultimately emerged, accompanied by amplifications of Kras, Yap1, Myc, and Cdk6/Abcb1a/b, and co-evolution of drug-resistant transcriptional programs. Moreover, in KPC and PDX models, mesenchymal and basal-like cell states displayed increased response to KRAS inhibition compared to the classical state. Combination treatment with KRASG12D inhibition and chemotherapy significantly improved tumor control in PDAC mouse models. Collectively, these data elucidate co-evolving resistance mechanisms to KRAS inhibition and support multiple combination therapy strategies.

Internet-enabled lab-on-a-chip technology for education.

Despite many interventions, science education remains highly inequitable throughout the world. Internet-enabled experimental learning has the potential to reach underserved communities and increase the diversity of the scientific workforce. Here, we demonstrate the use of lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technologies to expose Latinx life science undergraduate students to introductory concepts of computer programming by taking advantage of open-loop cloud-integrated LoCs. We developed a context-aware curriculum to train students at over 8000 km from the experimental site. Through this curriculum, the students completed an assignment testing bacteria contamination in water using LoCs. We showed that this approach was sufficient to reduce the students' fear of programming and increase their interest in continuing careers with a computer science component. Altogether, we conclude that LoC-based internet-enabled learning can become a powerful tool to train Latinx students and increase the diversity in STEM.

Exercise reduces physical alterations in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

BACKGROUND: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has serious physical consequences for children such as behavioral disabilities, growth disorders, neuromuscular problems, impaired motor coordination, and decreased muscle tone. However, it is not known whether loss of muscle strength occurs, and which interventions will effectively mitigate physical PAE impairments. We aimed to investigate whether physical alteration persists during adolescence and whether exercise is an effective intervention. RESULTS: Using paradigms to evaluate different physical qualities, we described that early adolescent PAE animals have significant alterations in agility and strength, without alterations in balance and coordination compared to CTRL animals. We evaluated the effectiveness of 3 different exercise protocols for 4 weeks: Enrichment environment (EE), Endurance exercise (EEX), and Resistance exercise (REX). The enriched environment significantly improved the strength in the PAE group but not in the CTRL group whose strength parameters were maintained even during exercise. Resistance exercise showed the greatest benefits in gaining strength, and endurance exercise did not. CONCLUSION: PAE induced a significant decrease in strength compared to CTRL in PND21. Resistance exercise is the most effective to reverse the effects of PAE on muscular strength. Our data suggests that individualized, scheduled, and supervised training of resistance is more beneficial than endurance or enriched environment exercise for adolescents FASD.

Portable Facial Expression System Based on EMG Sensors and Machine Learning Models.

One of the biggest challenges of computers is collecting data from human behavior, such as interpreting human emotions. Traditionally, this process is carried out by computer vision or multichannel electroencephalograms. However, they comprise heavy computational resources, far from final users or where the dataset was made. On the other side, sensors can capture muscle reactions and respond on the spot, preserving information locally without using robust computers. Therefore, the research subject is the recognition of the six primary human emotions using electromyography sensors in a portable device. They are placed on specific facial muscles to detect happiness, anger, surprise, fear, sadness, and disgust. The experimental results showed that when working with the CortexM0 microcontroller, enough computational capabilities were achieved to store a deep learning model with a classification store of 92%. Furthermore, we demonstrate the necessity of collecting data from natural environments and how they need to be processed by a machine learning pipeline.

Malnutrition: muscle wasting, inflammation, RDW, and their relation with adverse outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to explore red cell distribution width (RDW) as a surrogate marker of inflammation, alone and in conjunction with muscle wasting to predict malnutrition-related adverse outcomes. METHODS: This was a single-center observational study including adult hospitalized patients. Demographic variables, malnutrition criteria, and RDW were captured within 24 hours of hospital admission. Correlation tests and regression models were performed between these variables (RDW and muscle wasting) and adverse outcomes (in-hospital mortality and unplanned transfer to critical care areas (CCA). RESULTS: Five hundred and forty-five patients were included in the final analysis. Muscle wasting showed an independent association with adverse outcomes in every regression model tested. RDW alone showed fair predictive performance for both outcomes' significance and the adjusted model with muscle wasting showed association only for unplanned transfer to CCA. CONCLUSION: RDW did not improve the prediction of adverse outcomes compared to muscle wasting assessed by physical examination and simple indexes for acute and chronic inflammation. Malnourished patients presented higher RDW values showing a possible metabolic profile (higher inflammation and lower muscle). It is still unknown whether nutrition support can influence RDW value over time as a response marker or if RDW can predict who may benefit the most from nutritional support.

OBJETIVO: Explorar el ancho de distribución eritrocitaria (ADE) como un marcador subrogado de inflamación, individualmente y en conjunto con el desgaste muscular, para predecir resultados adversos asociados a la desnutrición. MÉTODO: Estudio unicéntrico, observacional, incluyendo pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Se capturaron variables demográficas, criterios de desnutrición y el ADE en las primeras 24 horas de ingreso. Se realizaron pruebas de correlación y modelos de regresión entre dichas variables (ADE y desgaste) y resultados adversos (mortalidad hospitalaria y traslado no planeado a áreas críticas). RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 545 pacientes. El desgaste muscular mostró asociación independiente con los resultados adversos en cada modelo. El ADE individualmente mostró un desempeño aceptable para la predicción de ambos resultados, y en modelos ajustados con desgaste muscular mostró asociación únicamente con traslado no planeado a áreas críticas. CONCLUSIONES: El ADE no mejoró la predicción de resultados adversos comparado con el desgaste muscular por exploración física e índices simples de inflamación. Los pacientes con desnutrición presentaron mayores valores de ADE, mostrando un posible perfil metabólico (mayor inflamación y menos músculo). Aún se desconoce si el soporte nutricional puede influenciar el ADE como un marcador de respuesta o si puede predecir una respuesta favorable al soporte nutricional.

Exploring the functionality and conservation of Alba proteins in Trypanosoma cruzi: A focus on biological diversity and RNA binding ability.

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, as well as a trypanosomatid parasite with a complex biological cycle that requires precise mechanisms for regulating gene expression. In Trypanosomatidae, gene regulation occurs mainly at the mRNA level through the recognition of cis elements by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Alba family members are ubiquitous DNA/RNA-binding proteins with representatives in trypanosomatid parasites functionally related to gene expression regulation. Although T. cruzi possesses two groups of Alba proteins (Alba1/2 and Alba30/40), their functional role remains poorly understood. Thus, herein, a characterization of T. cruzi Alba (TcAlba) proteins was undertaken. Physicochemical, structural, and phylogenetic analysis of TcAlba showed features compatible with RBPs, such as hydrophilicity, RBP domains/motifs, and evolutionary conservation of the Alba-domain, mainly regarding other trypanosomatid Alba. However, in silico RNA interaction analysis of T. cruzi Alba proteins showed that TcAlba30/40 proteins, but not TcAlba1/2, would directly interact with the assayed RNA molecules, suggesting that these two groups of TcAlba proteins have different targets. Given the marked differences existing between both T. cruzi Alba groups (TcAlba1/2 and TcAlba30/40), regarding sequence divergence, RNA binding potential, and life-cycle expression patterns, we suggest that they would be involved in different biological processes.

Application of a Malecot drain in the management of a vaginal cuff dehiscence: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Vaginal cuff dehiscence (VCD) in the setting of acute infection is an uncommon but serious complication of total hysterectomy without clear guidelines for management. There is a need for further documentation of best practices around treatment, particularly when it comes to surgical drain utilization and placement. Case description: We present a case of a 68-year-old with primary peritoneal carcinoma who underwent a robot-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy as part of an interval debulking surgery and had a VCD. The cuff was repaired vaginally in the operating room with placement of a Malecot catheter for pelvic abscess drainage. Discussion: The literature is sparse in regard to clear guidelines for management of VCD. Surgical and expectant management approaches are dependent on patient stability, surgical experience, local practice norms, and evidence of intra-abdominal injury. Interventional radiology has become a primary source of drain placement in management of VCD and vaginal cuff abscess. Malecot drains are a low cost, and effective intervention for such management and an important resource for the gynecologic surgeon.

Necrosis plays a role in the concentration of mycobacterial antigens in granulomas from Mycobacterium bovis naturally infected cattle.

The dynamics that develop between cells and molecules in the host against infection by Mycobacterium bovis, leads to the formation of granulomas mainly present in the lungs and regional lymph nodes in cattle. Cell death is one of the main features in granuloma organization, however, it has not been characterized in granulomatous lesions caused by M. bovis. In this study we aimed to identify the profiles of cell death in the granuloma stages and its relationship with the accumulation of bacteria. We identified necrosis, activated caspase-3, LC3B/p62 using immunohistochemistry and digital pathology analysis on 484 granulomatous lesions in mediastinal lymph nodes from 23 naturally infected cattle. Conclusions: greater amounts of mycobacterial antigens were identified in granulomas from calves compared with adult cattle. The highest percentage of necrosis and quantity of mycobacterial antigens were identified in granuloma stages (III/IV) from adults. The LC3B/p62 profile was heterogeneous in granulomas between adults and calves. Our data suggest that necrosis is associated with a higher amount of mycobacterial antigens in the late stages of granuloma and the development of autophagy appears to play an heterogeneous effector response against infection in adults and calves. These results represent one of the first approaches in the identification of cell death in the four stages of granulomas in bovine tuberculosis.

Contribution of youth sport participation to physical activity levels and cardiovascular disease risk factors in 5-year-old to 14-year-old children: a study protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for 18 million deaths per year, disproportionately burdens under-represented racial and ethnic groups, and has economic costs greater than any other health condition. Participation in youth sport may be an effective strategy to improve CVD-related risk factors but studies of youth sport participation have shown mixed results for improving health outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to examine how participation in youth sport contributes to physical activity levels and CVD risk factors in children aged 5-14 years old. A secondary objective is to determine if outcomes are different in racial and ethnic groups. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The search will encompass studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese between January 1995 and April 2024, including five databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus). Studies will be included if they are experimental or observational studies, conducted in youths of any health background and assess the relationship of sport participation to physical activity levels or CVD risk factors. Studies must report on at least one of the following outcomes: (1) physical activity levels, (2) blood pressure, (3) lipid fractions, (4) body mass index (5) central adiposity, (6) systemic inflammation and (7) glucose levels/insulin resistance. Study quality will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias version 1 tool. Narrative descriptions and summary tables will be created to describe studies, results and methodological quality and be synthesised by subsets of studies based on study design and outcomes. In the systematic review, we will categorise the included studies into two subgroups (ie, observational studies, experimental studies) and meta-analyse them separately prior to exploring sources of heterogeneity. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and presentation at conferences relevant to this field. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023427219.

The Selenoproteome as a Dynamic Response Mechanism to Oxidative Stress in Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenic Communities.

Methanogenesis is a critical process in the carbon cycle that is applied industrially in anaerobic digestion and biogas production. While naturally occurring in diverse environments, methanogenesis requires anaerobic and reduced conditions, although varying degrees of oxygen tolerance have been described. Microaeration is suggested as the next step to increase methane production and improve hydrolysis in digestion processes; therefore, a deeper understanding of the methanogenic response to oxygen stress is needed. To explore the drivers of oxygen tolerance in methanogenesis, two parallel enrichments were performed under the addition of H2/CO2 in an environment without reducing agents and in a redox-buffered environment by adding redox mediator 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonate disodium. The cellular response to oxidative conditions is mapped using proteomic analysis. The resulting community showed remarkable tolerance to high-redox environments and was unperturbed in its methane production. Next to the expression of pathways to mitigate reactive oxygen species, the higher redox potential environment showed an increased presence of selenocysteine and selenium-associated pathways. By including sulfur-to-selenium mass shifts in a proteomic database search, we provide the first evidence of the dynamic and large-scale incorporation of selenocysteine as a response to oxidative stress in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and the presence of a dynamic selenoproteome.

Epidemiological and clinical description of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated in a public oncology referral hospital in Chile.

Introduction: The incidence of squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) has presented an increase worldwide, a fact that occurs along with a phenomenon of epidemiological transition, whose pathogenesis is linked to human papilloma virus (HPV) in a significant part of the cases. Published evidence at the Latin American level is scarce. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated in a public oncology reference centre in Chile. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Patients with histological confirmation of OPSCC aged 18 years or older, referred to the National Cancer Institute of Chile between 2012 and 2023 were included. The association with HPV was determined by immunohistochemistry for p16. Results: 178 patients were analysed, most of them in locoregionally advanced stages involving the palatine tonsil. Seventy-seven percent were male, with a median age of 60 years. Sixty-seven percent of patients were positive for p16, with a progressive increase to 85% in the last 2 years of the study. The p16(+) patients were younger and had fewer classical risk factors. Primary treatment was radiotherapy in 94% of patients. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of patients with OPSCC treated in a Chilean public oncology referral centre reflects the epidemiological transition observed in developed countries. This change justifies the need to adapt health policies and conduct research that considers the characteristics of this new epidemiological profile.

Hidatidosis pulmonar como causa de hemoptisis recidivante / Pulmonary hydatidosis as a cause of recurrent hemoptysis

La hidatidosis es una zoonosis poco frecuente causada por cestodos del género Echinococcus. El órgano afectado con mayor frecuencia es el hígado, seguido del pulmón. La hidatidosis pulmonar se caracteriza por cursar de forma asintomática en la mayoría de los casos, y en muchas ocasiones suele ser un hallazgo casual en estudios realizados con otros fines. El diagnóstico resulta complejo por la diversidad de la presentación clínica, las pruebas serológicas pueden resultar negativas y los hallazgos de laboratorio son inespecíficos, por lo que debería ser un diagnóstico a tener en cuenta sobre todo en zonas con alta prevalencia de esta infestación. (AU)

Hydatidosis is a rare zoonosis caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. The most frequently affected organ is the liver, followed by the lung. Pulmonary hydatidosis is characterized by an asymptomatic course in most cases, and in many cases it is usually an incidental finding in studies performed for other purposes. The diagnosis is complex due to the diversity of the clinical presentation, serological tests can be negative and laboratory findings are nonspecific, so it should be a diagnosis to consider especially in areas with high prevalence of this infestation. (AU)

Music during cataract surgery: effect on anxiety.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of playing patient-selected music intraoperatively on patient self-reported anxiety and the amount of sedative administered during cataract surgery. SETTING: Yale New Haven Hospital health system, New Haven, Connecticut. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. METHODS: Patients were randomized to either a music group or a control group, which had no music played. Patients were blinded to the purpose of the study. On postoperative day 1, patients were consented to participate in the study and asked to complete a 6-question Likert-style survey (modified from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) assessing anxiety at baseline and during surgery. Patients' intraoperative and postoperative vitals were recorded. The medication, dosage, and number of sedative injections given were also recorded. Paired t tests were used to assess for significant differences between the 2 groups. RESULTS: 107 patients (mean age 71.2 years) were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in baseline anxiety between the 2 groups. Patients randomized to the music group had significantly lower total self-reported anxiety (mean 5.98) than the control group (mean 7.13, P = .006). Moreover, patients exposed to music felt significantly less frightened, nervous, and confused during surgery ( P = .002, .007, and 0.017, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in number and dosage of sedatives given. CONCLUSIONS: Playing patient-selected music during cataract surgery is an effective way to decrease anxiety. Music directly affects patient experience and is an inexpensive, low-risk method of reducing patient anxiety during surgery.

Exploring the Use of Persuasive System Design Principles to Enhance Medication Incident Reporting and Learning Systems: Scoping Reviews and Persuasive Design Assessment.

BACKGROUND: Medication incidents (MIs) causing harm to patients have far-reaching consequences for patients, pharmacists, public health, business practice, and governance policy. Medication Incident Reporting and Learning Systems (MIRLS) have been implemented to mitigate such incidents and promote continuous quality improvement in community pharmacies in Canada. They aim to collect and analyze MIs for the implementation of incident preventive strategies to increase safety in community pharmacy practice. However, this goal remains inhibited owing to the persistent barriers that pharmacies face when using these systems. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the harms caused by medication incidents and technological barriers to reporting and identify opportunities to incorporate persuasive design strategies in MIRLS to motivate reporting. METHODS: We conducted 2 scoping reviews to provide insights on the relationship between medication errors and patient harm and the information system-based barriers militating against reporting. Seven databases were searched in each scoping review, including PubMed, Public Health Database, ProQuest, Scopus, ACM Library, Global Health, and Google Scholar. Next, we analyzed one of the most widely used MIRLS in Canada using the Persuasive System Design (PSD) taxonomy-a framework for analyzing, designing, and evaluating persuasive systems. This framework applies behavioral theories from social psychology in the design of technology-based systems to motivate behavior change. Independent assessors familiar with MIRLS reported the degree of persuasion built into the system using the 4 categories of PSD strategies: primary task, dialogue, social, and credibility support. RESULTS: Overall, 17 articles were included in the first scoping review, and 1 article was included in the second scoping review. In the first review, significant or serious harm was the most frequent harm (11/17, 65%), followed by death or fatal harm (7/17, 41%). In the second review, the authors found that iterative design could improve the usability of an MIRLS; however, data security and validation of reports remained an issue to be addressed. Regarding the MIRLS that we assessed, participants considered most of the primary task, dialogue, and credibility support strategies in the PSD taxonomy as important and useful; however, they were not comfortable with some of the social strategies such as cooperation. We found that the assessed system supported a number of persuasive strategies from the PSD taxonomy; however, we identified additional strategies such as tunneling, simulation, suggestion, praise, reward, reminder, authority, and verifiability that could further enhance the perceived persuasiveness and value of the system. CONCLUSIONS: MIRLS, equipped with persuasive features, can become powerful motivational tools to promote safer medication practices in community pharmacies. They have the potential to highlight the value of MI reporting and increase the readiness of pharmacists to report incidents. The proposed persuasive design guidelines can help system developers and community pharmacy managers realize more effective MIRLS.

Transferability of Human and Environmental Microbiome on Clothes as a Tool for Forensic Investigations.

Considering the growing importance of microbiome analyses in forensics for identifying individuals, this study explores the transfer of the skin microbiome onto clothing, its persistence on fabrics over time, and its transferability from the environment and between different garments. Furthermore, this project compares three specific QIAGEN microbiome extraction kits to test their extraction efficiency on fabric samples. Additionally, this study aims to check if these extracts contain human DNA, providing a chance to obtain more information from the same evidence for personal identification. The results obtained show: (1) variations in the skin microbiome between the volunteers, potentially due to their different sex; (2) differences in microbial composition between worn and unworn clothing; (3) the influence of the environment on the microbial signature of unworn clothing; (4) the potential use of certain phyla as biomarkers to differentiate between worn and unworn garments, even over extended periods; (5) a tendency towards extraction biases in the QIAampMP® DNA microbiome kit among the three tested ones; and (6) none of the extraction kits allow for the typing of human genetic profiles suitable for comparison. In conclusion, our study offers supplementary insights into the potential utility of time-transferred microbiome analysis on garments for forensic applications.