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1.
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging ; 339: 111786, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38281353

ABSTRACT

Alcohol dependence continues to be a major global burden despite significant research progress and treatment development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether neurofeedback training can alter resting state fMRI activity in brain regions that play a crucial role in addiction disorders in patients with alcohol dependence. For this purpose, a total of 52 patients were recruited for the present study, randomized, and divided into an active and a sham group. Patients in the active group received three sessions of neurofeedback training. We compared the resting state data in the active group as part of the NF training on six measurement days. When comparing the results of the active group from neurofeedback day 3 with baseline 1, a significant reduction in activated voxels in the ventral attention network area was seen. This suggests that reduced activity over the course of therapy in subjects may lead to greater independence from external stimuli. Overall, a global decrease in activated voxels within all three analysed networks compared to baseline was observed in the study. The use of resting-state data as potential biomarkers, as activity changes within these networks, may be to help restore cognitive processes and alcohol abuse-related craving and emotions.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Behavior, Addictive , Neurofeedback , Humans , Alcoholism/diagnostic imaging , Alcoholism/therapy , Alcoholism/psychology , Neurofeedback/methods , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain Mapping/methods , Behavior, Addictive/diagnostic imaging , Behavior, Addictive/therapy
2.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) ; 48(6): 720-728, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32446785

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by an impaired antibody production and a higher susceptibility to encapsulated bacterial infections. Lung disease is considered to be the most important cause of morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We analyzed clinical, radiological and functional characteristics in 80 patients with CVID assisted in the Unidad Inmunologia e Histocompatibilidad at Durand Hospital from 1982 to 2018. RESULTS: Of the 80 patients, 55 showed pathologic lung Computed Tomography (CT). Twenty of them (36.4%) showed bronchiectasis; 26 (47.3%) interstitial involvement associated with nodules and adenopathies called GLILD (granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease); and nine patients (16.3%) showed other lesions. Nine percent of patients with lung disease showed CT progression; none of them had spirometry worsening. GLILD patients had normal and restrictive patterns in lung function tests, in equal proportions. Two patients - one with GLILD and the other one with bronchiectasis - had an increase in spirometric pattern severity without CT progression. Lung biopsy was performed in 19% of GLILD patients, all of whom had histopathologic diagnosis of Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (LIP). CONCLUSIONS: GLILD is the major cause of lung disease in CVID. Computed tomography is useful for diagnosis but not necessary in follow-up, in which functional tests should have better correlation with clinical evolution, reducing radiation exposure. Biopsy should be indicated when the clinical diagnosis is unclear. Treatment should be considered whenever there is clear evidence of disease progression.


Subject(s)
Bronchiectasis/epidemiology , Common Variable Immunodeficiency/complications , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy/statistics & numerical data , Bronchiectasis/diagnosis , Bronchiectasis/immunology , Common Variable Immunodeficiency/immunology , Disease Progression , Disease Susceptibility/immunology , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung/immunology , Lung/pathology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Spirometry/statistics & numerical data , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
3.
J Agric Food Chem ; 68(11): 3322-3329, 2020 Mar 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32011874

ABSTRACT

Since ancient times, grape must and wine have been considered one of the most sophisticated matrices and, in the last few years, the continuous rise in volumes and prices of grapes and wine has encouraged fraud and adulteration in the oenological field. One of the most common adulterations is sugar addition to grape must in the form of cane or beet sugar or syrup coming from vegetable sources, such as cereals or fruits. Since 1990, the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) has issued specific official isotopic methods to fight against this practice, but they are not always effective. With the aim to develop a new method able to identify sugar addition, we compared the δ13C value of sugar extracted from grape must analyzed by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) to the δ13C value of proline analyzed by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS), after extraction and derivatization. δ13C and δ15N of proline have also been tested as potential geographical markers. In addition, the carbon isotopic composition of two characteristic grape must sugars (myo- and scyllo-inositols) was measured by GC-C-IRMS, after derivatization, to identify the illegal correction of their concentration. On the basis of the obtained results we can conclude that the compound-specific isotope analysis represents a novel analytical tool to support and improve certification and control procedures.


Subject(s)
Vitis , Wine , Carbon Isotopes/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Mass Spectrometry , Wine/analysis
4.
J Endocrinol Invest ; 41(10): 1227-1236, 2018 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29511967

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We previously showed the positive effects of the new antioxidant molecule bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-decandioate (IAC) in reducing basal hyperglycaemia and relieving glucose intolerance in a diabetes model. However, the chemical properties of IAC did not allow an efficient oral administration, thus representing the main failing of that study. Here, we tested the effect of a new oral delivery system based on solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) in a diabetes mouse model. METHODS: The diabetes model was induced in C57B1/6J mice using streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Only the animals that overcame the glycaemic threshold of 180 mg/dL were enrolled in the study. Diabetic animals were then randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 9) and treated once a day for 5 consecutive weeks with IAC (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.w.). The control group was composed of (n = 7) healthy mice that received only the vehicle. Glucose level was weekly monitored during the treatment period and up to 3 weeks after the suspension of the treatment. Glucose tolerance and insulin-resistance test were carried out. RESULTS: Our results showed that SLMs maintained the IAC effect in reducing basal hyperglycaemia as well as improving the insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms that SLMs are promising drug carriers, which allow the oral administration of IAC ensuring its therapeutic efficacy. The concrete possibility to administer IAC per os represents a significant breakthrough in the putative consideration of this multi-radical scavenger in the diabetes therapeutic approach.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Drug Delivery Systems/methods , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Microspheres , Administration, Oral , Animals , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Humans , Lipids , Male , Mice , Particle Size , Random Allocation , Treatment Outcome
5.
J Mass Spectrom ; 51(9): 675-83, 2016 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27457424

ABSTRACT

The variability of stable isotope ratios (δ(2) H, δ(13) C, δ(15) N, δ(18) O and δ(34) S) along the production chain of pasta (durum wheat, flour and pasta) produced by using both conventional and organic farming systems in four Italian regions in 2 years was investigated. The aim was to evaluate if and how the farming system and geographical origin affect stable isotope ratios determined along the production chain. Irrespective of the processing technology, 65% of the samples were correctly classified according to the farming system and 98% were correctly classified regarding the geographical region. When considering both farming system and geographical region simultaneously, 80% of the samples were correctly classified. The measured isotope parameters were thus primarily affected by the geographical origin. In conclusion, it is expected that the use of these parameters will allow the development of analytical control procedures that can be used to check the geographical origin of Italian organic and conventional pasta and its raw materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Subject(s)
Carbon Isotopes/analysis , Flour/analysis , Food, Organic/analysis , Oxygen Isotopes/analysis , Triticum/chemistry , Agriculture , Geography , Italy
6.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 18(6): 571-575, jun. 2016. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-152751

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Aggressive cancer treatment is a challenge in elderly patients. The present study aims to assess tolerance in terms of acute toxicity and compliance of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (cCRT) in a series of patients aged C70 years. Materials and methods Clinical: records of patients aged C70 years who underwent cCRT between January 2005 and December 2013 were reviewed. Concurrent CRT had curative intent in 134 patients (97.8 %) and palliative intent in 3 patients (2.2 %). Chemotherapy (CT) drugs and schedule were selected according to tumor histology. Radiotherapy median dose was 45.0 Gy (range 11-70 Gy) for curative purposes and 54 Gy (range 40-56 Gy) for palliative purposes. Incidence of acute toxicity and compliance to cCRT were analyzed and correlated with age, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Results: Overall, 137 patients, 82 males (60 %) and 55 females (40 %), median age 74 years (range 70–90 years) were analyzed. Concurrent CRT schedule was completed by 132 patients (96.4 %). Thirty-one of these patients (23.5 %) temporarily interrupted treatment. Hematological toxicity with grade C1 was observed in 25 patients (18.2 %), gastrointestinal toxicity in 55 (40.1 %), and genitourinary in 13 (9.5 %). Mucositis with grade C1 was recorded in 19 patients (13.9 %). No statistical significant correlation between KPS, CCI, and toxicity was found. A correlation trend between mucositis and patient age (p = 0.05) was observed. Conclusion: Concurrent CRT for elderly was feasible and quite well tolerated. Great attention in prescribing CT dose should be paid to limit acute toxicity (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chemoradiotherapy/instrumentation , Chemoradiotherapy/methods , Chemoradiotherapy , Quality of Life , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Comorbidity , Mucositis/complications , Mucositis/drug therapy , 35514/analysis , 35514/methods , Glioblastoma/complications , Glioblastoma/diagnosis , Glioblastoma/drug therapy
7.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 18(6): 571-5, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26370422

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Aggressive cancer treatment is a challenge in elderly patients. The present study aims to assess tolerance in terms of acute toxicity and compliance of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (cCRT) in a series of patients aged ≥70 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical records of patients aged ≥70 years who underwent cCRT between January 2005 and December 2013 were reviewed. Concurrent CRT had curative intent in 134 patients (97.8 %) and palliative intent in 3 patients (2.2 %). Chemotherapy (CT) drugs and schedule were selected according to tumor histology. Radiotherapy median dose was 45.0 Gy (range 11-70 Gy) for curative purposes and 54 Gy (range 40-56 Gy) for palliative purposes. Incidence of acute toxicity and compliance to cCRT were analyzed and correlated with age, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). RESULTS: Overall, 137 patients, 82 males (60 %) and 55 females (40 %), median age 74 years (range 70-90 years) were analyzed. Concurrent CRT schedule was completed by 132 patients (96.4 %). Thirty-one of these patients (23.5 %) temporarily interrupted treatment. Hematological toxicity with grade ≥1 was observed in 25 patients (18.2 %), gastrointestinal toxicity in 55 (40.1 %), and genitourinary in 13 (9.5 %). Mucositis with grade ≥1 was recorded in 19 patients (13.9 %). No statistical significant correlation between KPS, CCI, and toxicity was found. A correlation trend between mucositis and patient age (p = 0.05) was observed. CONCLUSION: Concurrent CRT for elderly was feasible and quite well tolerated. Great attention in prescribing CT dose should be paid to limit acute toxicity.


Subject(s)
Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects , Neoplasms/therapy , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Patient Compliance , Retrospective Studies
9.
J Agric Food Chem ; 62(32): 8197-203, 2014 Aug 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25080186

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we investigate whether the analysis of stable isotope ratios D/H and ¹³C/¹²C in ethanol and acetic acid and of ¹8O/¹6O in water can be applied to the ingredients of "aceto balsamico di Modena IGP" (ABM) to evaluate their authenticity. We found that impurities in the extraction solution do not affect the ¹³C/¹²C of acetic acid and the D/H values of acetic acid are not affected under a composite NMR experiment. The standard deviation of repeatability and standard deviation of reproducibility are comparable in wine vinegar and ABM and generally lower than those quoted in the official methods. This means that the validation parameters quoted in the official methods can also be applied to the ingredients of ABM. In addition, we found no changes in the isotopic values from wine to vinegar and to ABM, and from the original must to the ABM must, providing experimental evidence that reference data from wine databanks can also be used to evaluate the authenticity of vinegar and ABM.


Subject(s)
Acetic Acid/chemistry , Condiments/analysis , Diet , Food Inspection/methods , Acetic Acid/economics , Acetic Acid/standards , Carbon Isotopes , Condiments/economics , Condiments/standards , Databases, Factual , Deuterium , Diet/ethnology , European Union , Fermentation , Food Contamination , Food-Processing Industry/economics , Fruit/chemistry , Guidelines as Topic , Industrial Waste/analysis , Industrial Waste/economics , International Agencies , Italy , Oxygen Isotopes , Pilot Projects , Vitis/chemistry , Wine/analysis
10.
Rofo ; 186(1): 54-60, 2014 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23996624

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The semi-quantitative Brody score measures the severity of cystic fibrosis (CF)-related lung disease. We investigated the short-term (28 - 60 days) and long-term (2 - 7 years) intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of the Brody score in low-dose multidetector row computed tomography examinations performed in inspiration (LDCTs) of adult CF patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Composite Brody scores and respective underlying bronchiectasis, mucus plugging, peribronchial thickening, parenchymal opacity, and hyperinflation subscores were evaluated twice (time interval, 1 - 84 months) by each of 3 independent radiologists (1 - 20 years of professional diagnostic radiology experience) in LDCTs (4 - 64 rows, 120 KVp, 10 - 15  mAs/slice, CTDIw approx. 1.0  mGy, effective dose approx. 0.5  mSv) of 15 adult patients with CF-related lung disease (8 female, 7 male, age, 18 - 50 years, mean, 33 years). RESULTS: The average reproducibility of the Brody score was within +/-7 % (range, 2 - 30 %) between radiologists, and +/-6 % (3 - 12 %) within radiologists (short-term, 28 - 60 days, 4 %, 0 - 12 %, long-term, 2 - 7 years, 12 %, 1 - 36 %). For the different subscores, the reproducibility was within +/-25 % (15 - 41 %) between radiologists and +/-23 % (12 - 46 %) within radiologists. CONCLUSION: The Brody score shows high average inter-observer reproducibility in LDCTs of adult CF patients. The Brody score also demonstrates high average intra-observer reproducibility if subsequent assessments are made within 28 - 61 days. With time intervals of 2 - 7 years between subsequent evaluations, however, intra-observer reproducibility decreases. Respective subscores each demonstrate lower intra- and inter-observer reproducibility than does the composite Brody score.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis/diagnostic imaging , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Observer Variation , Radiation Dosage , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young Adult
12.
Br J Nutr ; 110(6): 988-97, 2013 Sep 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23433361

ABSTRACT

A diet rich in fat is considered a primary risk factor for CVD, cancer and failures in metabolism and endocrine functions. Hyperlipidaemia generates oxidative stress and weakens antioxidant defences as well as metabolic detoxification systems. Brassicaceae are vegetables rich in glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, affecting enzymatic antioxidant as well as phase II enzymes and conceivably counteracting high-fat diet (HFD)-associated pathologies. The protective role of Tuscan black cabbage (a variety of kale) sprout extract (TBCSE) intake against HFD alterations was here studied. The effects on rat hepatic antioxidant as well as detoxifying enzymes, and serum lipid- and body weightlowering properties of TBCSE, were investigated. Feeding the animals with a HFD for 21 d increased body as well as liver weights, and induced hyperlipidaemia, as confirmed by a higher serum lipid profile v. control diet. Daily intragastric administration of TBCSE to HFD-fed rats lowered serum total cholesterol, TAG and NEFA. Body and liver weight gains were also reduced. Antioxidant (catalase, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, oxidised glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) and phase II (glutathione S-transferase and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase) enzymes were down-regulated by the HFD, while the extract restored normal levels in most groups. Generation of toxic intermediates, and membrane fatty acid composition changes by the HFD, might account for the altered hepatic antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme functions. The recovering effects of TBCSE could be attributed to high flavonoid, phenolic and organosulphur compound content, which possess free-radical-scavenging properties, enhance the antioxidant status and stimulate lipid catabolism. TBCSE intake emerges to be an effective alimentary strategy to counteract the perturbations associated with a diet rich in fat.


Subject(s)
Brassica/chemistry , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control , Lipids/blood , Liver/enzymology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Eating , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Hyperlipidemias/chemically induced , Liver/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Weight Gain
13.
J Nutr Health Aging ; 15(7): 586-92, 2011 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21808937

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: In elderly subjects, past researches have already underlined the role of nutritional status as a basic factor able to influence the prognosis either in acute wards or in rehabilitation and long-term care settings. Aim of the study is that of retrospectively verify, through a multivariate analysis, the factors able to condition mortality in long-term care, paying particular attention to the nutritional status. METHODS: The survey included 513 patients aged more than 65 years admitted to a long-term care unit during a three years period. Exitus within the first three months of hospitalization was considered the outcome variable, while baseline functional, cognitive, clinical and nutritional status were considered the independent variables eventually related to mortality. RESULTS: The univariate analysis found that some variables were significantly correlated with the outcome: comorbidity, ADL, cognitive status, pressure sores, albumin, transferrin, CRP, mucoprotein, cholesterol, cholinesterase, MAMC and MNA. The predictive value of the block model of the logistic regression analysis was 77.9% (specificity = 85.3%, sensitivity = 63.9%). With the forward stepwise analysis only MNA, cholinesterase, CRP and mucoprotein were considered in the final model. In this case the predictive value of the model was 79.3% (specificity = 84.6%, sensitivity = 69.46%).


Subject(s)
Geriatric Assessment , Hospitalization , Long-Term Care , Malnutrition/mortality , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Activities of Daily Living , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Cholinesterases/blood , Cognition , Comorbidity , Female , Glycoproteins/blood , Health Care Surveys , Housing for the Elderly , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
14.
Clin Neuroradiol ; 20(4): 223-9, 2010 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20857080

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the potential of a 32-channel (32ch) receiving head coil for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) compared to a standard eight-channel (8ch) coil using a motor task. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Brain activation was analyzed in 14 healthy right-handed subjects performing finger tapping with the right index finger (block design) during two experimental sessions, one with the 8ch and one with the 32ch coil (applied in a pseudorandomized order). Additionally, a phantom study was performed to compare signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of both coils. RESULTS: During both fMRI sessions, analysis of motor conditions resulted in an activation of the left "hand knob" (precentral gyrus). Application of the 32ch coil obtained additional activation clusters in the right cerebellum, left superior frontal gyrus (SMA), left supramarginal gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus. The phantom study revealed a significantly higher SNR for the 32ch coil compared to the 8ch coil in superficial cortical areas located near the surface of the brain. CONCLUSION: The 32ch technology has a potential impact on fMRI studies, especially in paradigms that result in activation of cortical areas located near the surface of the brain.


Subject(s)
Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation , Magnetics/instrumentation , Motor Cortex/physiology , Movement/physiology , Adult , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
15.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol ; 382(2): 127-37, 2010 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20512314

ABSTRACT

We previously reported that in a diabetes mouse model, characterised by moderate hyperglycaemia and reduced beta-cell mass, the radical scavenger bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)decandioate di-hydrochloride (IAC), a non-conventional cyclic hydroxylamine derivative, improves metabolic alterations by counteracting beta-cell dysfunction associated with oxidative stress. The aims of this study were to ascertain whether the beneficial effects of IAC treatment could be maintained after its discontinuation and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Diabetes was induced in C57Bl/6J mice by streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA) administration. Diabetic mice were treated for 7 weeks with various doses of IAC (7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg b.w./die i.p.) and monitored for additional 8 weeks after suspension of IAC. Then, pancreatic tissue was used for determination of beta-cell mass by immunohistochemistry and beta-cell ultrastructural analysis. STZ-NA mice showed moderate hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance and reduced beta-cell mass (25% of controls). IAC-treated STZ-NA mice (at both doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg b.w.) showed long-term reduction of hyperglycaemia even after discontinuation of treatment, attenuation of glucose intolerance and partial preservation of beta-cell mass. The lowest IAC dose was much less effective. Plasma nitrotyrosine levels (an oxidative stress index) significantly increased in untreated diabetic mice and were lowered upon IAC treatment. At ultrastructural level, beta cells of IAC-treated diabetic mice were protected against degranulation and mitochondrial alterations. In the STZ-NA diabetic mouse model, the radical scavenger IAC induces a prolonged reduction of hyperglycaemia associated with partial restoration of beta-cell mass and function, likely dependent on blockade of oxidative stress-induced damaging mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use , Hyperglycemia/prevention & control , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Animals , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Free Radical Scavengers/administration & dosage , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Glucose Tolerance Test , Hyperglycemia/blood , Hyperglycemia/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Insulin/blood , Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism , Insulin-Secreting Cells/ultrastructure , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microscopy, Electron , Molecular Structure , Niacinamide , Piperidines/administration & dosage , Piperidines/chemistry , Streptozocin , Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives , Tyrosine/blood
16.
Ann Ig ; 22(6): 499-511, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21417168

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a prevalent health disease among the elderly as it contributes to the early onset of chronic morbidity and functional impairment and is also related to premature mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenic-obesity increases too with age in each sex leading to a significantly higher prevalence of physical impairment and disability, as well as higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome. We observe a natural phenomenon (ageing) and a complex world-wide illness (obesity) that should not be merely treated as the sum of the treatments for the elderly and for the obese. The balance between the potential benefits of treatment interventions, reducing premature morbidity and mortality, and the impact on quality of life in old age may be different from young and adult age in case of obesity and need to be seriously considered.


Subject(s)
Aging , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Obesity , Quality of Life , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , Interdisciplinary Communication , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/etiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/therapy , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sarcopenia/etiology
19.
Eat Weight Disord ; 14(1): 23-32, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19367137

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Obesity, associated with morbidity and mortality, is a complex disorder, characterised by an increase in fat mass (FM). Most authors agree in considering essential an integrated treatment made up of nutritional intervention, physical reconditioning programme and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy. However, the feasibility is problematic and data in literature confirming the validity of this approach are poor. AIM: To verify the efficacy of a multidimensional approach (Nutritional Psycho-Physical Reconditioning - NPPR) in obesity treatment. METHODS: All patients admitted from June 2002 to June 2004 (464 subjects) ranged from 18 to 65 years old, with a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 were included in the programme. After the nutritional status evaluation a standard dietetic treatment (group N) or an integrated and multidisciplinary obesity treatment (group NPPR) was proposed. RESULTS: In group NPPR treatment duration was significantly higher (142.6+/-26 vs 48.6+/-55 days - p=0.000), while the drop-out amount was definitely lower (5.5 vs 54.4%; p=0.000). Weight loss compared to the initial weight and the difference between initial and final FM resulted significantly higher in group NNPR. Subjects in NPPR obtained a higher increase in the distance covered in a 6-minute walk test (59.9+/-19 vs 40.5+/-17 m; p=0.04) and in muscular strength. State and trait anxiety, mood and quality of life scores improved in NPPR subjects while remained substantially stable in group N. CONCLUSIONS: An integrated approach to obesity is the way to be pursued in order to obtain important and at least short-term results.


Subject(s)
Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Diet, Reducing , Interdisciplinary Communication , Obesity/therapy , Patient Care Team , Adult , Aged , Body Mass Index , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Requirements , Nutritional Status , Nutritive Value , Obesity/diet therapy , Obesity/drug therapy , Obesity/psychology , Treatment Outcome , Weight Loss , Young Adult
20.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 47(2): 454-61, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19101601

ABSTRACT

Conflicting data on the anticancer properties of the polyphenolic natural product resveratrol (RSV) have been reported. Since the inhibition of "bioactivating" Phase-I xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) and/or induction of "detoxifying" Phase-II XMEs have long been considered important cancer chemopreventive strategies, in the current study we investigated the effect of RSV treatment on several Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent oxidations and Phase-II markers in liver and lung subcellular preparations from CD1 male mice. These mice were i.p treated with RSV (25 or 50mg/Kg b.w.) daily for one or for seven consecutive days. Using either specific probes for different CYPs, or the regio- and stereo-selective metabolism of testosterone, we found that most of the Phase-I XMEs were significantly suppressed (up to approximately 61% loss for the CYP3A1/2-linked 6 beta-hydroxylation of testosterone in liver and up to approximately 97% loss for 2 alpha-hydroxylase in lung) following RSV treatment for 7 days at 50mg/kg b.w. Glutathione S-transferase was significantly inhibited, particularly in lung (approximately 76% loss of activity) after single administration of 25mg/kg b.w. A different response for the UDP-glucuronosyl transferase was observed, where a significant induction was seen (approximately 83%) in the liver and a significant reduction was observed in the lung (up to approximately 83% loss) following treatment with 25mg/kg b.w. for seven days. These data indicate that murine XMEs are altered by RSV, and that this alteration is dependent on the RSV dose, duration and way of administration. These results could provide mechanistic explanations for the conflicting chemopreventive results reported for RSV.


Subject(s)
Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Liver/enzymology , Lung/enzymology , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Stilbenes/pharmacology , Transferases/metabolism , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Liver/drug effects , Lung/drug effects , Male , Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Resveratrol
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