[Etiology of the epidemic outbreak of community-acquired pneumonia in children in St. Petersburg]. / Etiologiia épidemicheskoi vspyshki vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii u detei Sankt-Peterburga.

In September-December 1998 the epidemic rise of outhospital pneumonia (EP) among children was observed in St. Petersburg, which led to a twofold increase in morbidity rate this year. The study of the etiology of EP during the period of 1998-2001 confirmed the prime role of Streptococcus pneumoniae (74.5%) and, for the first time in Russia, revealed the epidemic outbreak of acute chlamydiosis (Chlamydia pneumoniae), diagnosed in 67.3% of children, the maximum occurrence (87.5%) in 1998 with only 19% of the patients having the disease in the form of monoinfection. The prevalence of S. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae in the etiology of EP and more severe course of mixed infection suggested that these infective agents played a leading role in the epidemic outbreak of acute respiratory infections in St. Petersburg.

[Functional furosemide loading test. Practical use in children with kidney diseases]. / Funktsional'naia nagruzochnaia proba s furosemidom. Prakticheskoe ispol'zovanie u detei s zabolevaniiami pochek.

Diuretic and aciduretic reactions were compared in healthy children and children with various renal diseases using furosemide loading test. Diuresis, urinary pH, urinary excretion of titered acids and ammonium, and ammonium coefficient were evaluated in healthy controls, patients with chronic and acute renal insufficiency, convalescents after acute renal insufficiency and acute postinfection glomerulonephritis, patients with chronic pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis, lipoid nephrosis, hematuric chronic glomerulonephritis, and patients with a solitary kidney. Diuresis, urinary pH, ammonium excretion, and ammonium coefficient are proposed as the main test parameters. Patients with the distal tubular acidosis syndrome formed a special group by the results of urinary pH measurements during the third hour of furosemide action. The test helps evaluate the severity of disease and predict its course.

[A physiological analysis of kidney ion-regulating function in children with enuresis]. / Fiziologicheskii analiz ionoreguliruiushchei funktsii pochki detei pri enureze.

Peculiarities of the excretion of ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and water were studied in healthy children and children with the nocturnal enuresis, aged 6-15 years. A greater diuresis in the enuretic children is due to an increased excretion of the osmotically active substances including Na and Mg; excretion of K and Ca does nor differ from the control. A new formula is proposed for the quantitative evaluation of the role of different substances in the osmolar clearance. A high correlation is found between the sodium and magnesium excretion and the osmotic free water reabsorption. A single intranasal administration of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) to the children before their going to bed returned to the norm the sodium and magnesium excretion in the enuretic children. It is suggested that the defect peculiar to this particular pathology is associated with a decrease in the ion reabsorption in the thick ascending Henle loop. The normal level of the ion transport is restored after stimulation of V2-receptors by DDAVP. An explanation is suggested of the mechanism of the increase of diuresis with a simultaneous rise in the osmotically free water reabsorption in children with enuresis.

[The catamnesis of patients with the minimal change nephrotic syndrome--lipoid nephrosis]. / Katamnez bol'nykh s nefroticheskim sindromom s minimal'nymi izmeneniiami--lipoidnym nefrozom.

A catamnestic study was made of 188 patients suffering from the nephrotic syndrome with minimum changes (NSMC) in order to examine the characteristic features of its course and outcome. The patients' age ranged from 3 to 26 years, with the disease standing being from 1 to 22 years. The authors explored the anamnestic and clinico-laboratory data together with the morphological findings (in 6.9% of cases). Estimated the results of the treatment. Described the NSMC outcome in 188 children.

[Early changes in the kidney microcirculatory bed in the generalized Sanarelli-Shwartzman reaction]. / Rannie izmeneniia mikrotsirkuliatornogo rusla pochek pri generalizovannoi reaktsii Sanarelli-Shvartsmanna.

Investigations of early changes of renal microcirculation in generalized Sanarelli-Schwartzmann's reaction revealed markedly manifest alterations in endotheliocytes, podocytes, basal membrane of the glomeruli accompanied by disorders in the permeability of their capillaries and disseminated microthrombosis.