[Clinical experience of anesthesia management in heart transplantation]. / Klinicheskii opyt anesteziologicheskogo obespecheniia transplantatsii serdtsa.

An experience is described of anesthesiological management of orthotopic heart transplantations performed to 22 males aged 16 to 54 years and 5 females aged 27 to 43 years with dilation cardiomyopathy (20 cases), ischemic heart disease (5 cases), Abramov-Fiedler myocarditis (1 case) and the combination of the aortic valve defect with ischemic heart disease (1 case). Techniques of anesthesiological management in recipients and donors are described. The period necessary for the recovery of the donor heart function is characterized and cardiotropic transplant support is described. Specific clinical course of the anesthesia depending on the pulmonary artery pressure, the type of general anesthesia used in recipients and the use of catecholamines for hemodynamic maintenance in donors during heart excision have been analysed.

[Effect of tranquilizers of the 1,4-benzodiazepine series on the xanthine oxidase activity of the rat brain]. / Izuchenie vliianiia trankvilizatorov 1,4-benzodiazepinovogo riada na aktivnost' ksantinoksidazy golovnogo mozga krys.

Experiments in vivo and in vitro on 90 rats were made to study the influence of 1,4-benzodiazepine tranquilizers (phenazepam, nitrazepam and diazepam) on cerebral xanthine oxidase activity. Phenazepam, nitrazepam and diazepam in the dose of 5 mg per 200 g bw were shown to reduce xanthine oxidase activity by 80.4%, 64.3% and 55.8%, respectively 2 h after intraperitoneal injection. 6 h after the injection of benzodiazepines the enzyme activity grows, but control values are achieved only after nitrazepam injection. In vitro experiments revealed direct influence of the tranquilizers on xanthine oxidase. Phenazepam inhibits xanthine oxidase activity in concentration as long as 10(-10) M (to 36.6%), and practically completely in 10(-6) M concentration. Nitrazepam and diazepam inhibit xanthine oxidase activity within concentration range between 10(-8) M (to 51.5% and 33.2%, respectively), and 10(-4) M (practically completely). The inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity is shown to be caused by the competition between hypoxanthine, the reaction substrate, and tranquilizer, to bind with the active site of the enzyme.

[Effect of benzodiazepines on the activity of AMP deaminase and adenosine deaminase in rat brain tissue in vivo]. / Vliianie benzodiazepinov na aktivnost' AMF-dezaminazy i adenozindezaminazy v tkani golovnogo mozga krys in vivo.

Phenazepam (5 mg/200 g) and seduxen (3 mg/200 g) injected intraperitoneally to 184 rats altered AMP-deaminase and adenosine deaminase brain activity. Seduxen was observed to increase AMP-deaminase and adenosine deaminase activity by 89.1% and 32.4%, respectively an hour after the injection. Phenazepam increased the activity of the enzymes by 35.5% and 38.5%, respectively two hours after the injection. The effect is suggested to be due to de novo benzodiazepine-induced enzyme synthesis.

[Effect of benzodiazepines on 5'-nucleotidase activity in rat brain]. / Izuchenie vliianiia benzodiazepinov na aktivnost' 5'-nukleotidazy golovnogo mozga krys.

Experiments on 330 rats were made to study the influence of benzodiazepines (diazepam, dormicum and phenazepam) on 5'-nucleotidase activity in brain homogenates. It was discovered that diazepam and dormicum in doses of 3 and 4 mg, phenazepam in doses of 3.75 and 5 mg per 200 g bw provoked a 16-20% reduction in 5'-nucleotidase activity. The maximal effect of diazepam (3 and 4 mg doses) was attained 1 h after intraperitoneal injection, that of dormicum (3 mg) 30 min and of phenazepam (5 mg) 1 h after intraperitoneal injection. It is assumed that benzodiazepines are involved in AMP metabolism.

[The role of changes in the antioxidative activity and phospholipid composition of the rat liver in the mechanism of phenazepam action on the liver and the protective effect of talamonal]. / O roli izmenenii antiokislitel'noi aktivnosti i sostava fosfolipidov pecheni krys v mekhanizme deistviia fenazepama na pechen' i zashchitnom éffekte talamonala.

Phenazepame exhibited properties of prooxidant in a model system of oleic acid methyl ester oxidation. After single intraperitoneal administration of phenazepame (5 mg/kg) the antioxidative activity (AOA) of rat liver lipids was decreased, correlating with level of histidase and urokinase activity in blood plasma indicating the liver tissue injury. Distinct alterations in the relative content of liver phospholipids were also noted. A phase type of alterations was observed in the content of these phospholipids as well as in the ratio phosphatidyl choline/phosphatidyl ethanolamine; at the same time, the phospholipid ratio was altered simultaneously with the alterations of the enzymatic activities in blood. After administration of the antioxidant, which normalized the AOA level and the phospholipid composition, activities of histidase and urokinase were markedly decreased in blood. The neuroleptanalgetic drug thalamonale, protecting liver tissue against the impairments, normalized the AOA level and the phospholipid composition. Thus, alterations in AOA and in the phospholipid composition reflected distinctly the unfavourable effect of phenazepame as well as the protecting action of thalamonale on liver tissue.

[Effect of phenazepam and seduxen on the presence of histidase and urokinase in the blood]. / Vliianie fenazepama i seduksena na poiavlenie v krovi gistidazy i urokaninazy.

Liver tissue specific enzymes histidase and urokinase were found in blood of 160 rats after intraperitoneal administration of phenazepam at the doses of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/200 g of body weight as well as of diazepam at the dose of 2.0 mg/200 g. Administration of products of diazepam enzymatic degradation caused also the liberation of these enzymes from liver tissue into blood.

[Comparative study of the sedative and tranquilizing effect of phenazepama and seduxen and their influence on human evoked brain potentials]. / Sravnitel'noe ozuchenie sedativno-trankviliziruiushchego éffekta fenazepama i seduksena i ikh vliianie na vyzvannye potentsialy mozga u cheloveka.

Phenazepam was compared to diazepam in a double-blind study made in 32 patients. The drugs were administered by month in doses of 0.0025 mg/kg and 0.005 mg/kg. respectively 1--2 days before surgery with the use of general anesthesia. Anxiety assessed by means of the brain evoked potential test and by a clinical test according to Gologorsky's scale reduced 2 hours following both phenazepam and diazepam administration. Phenazepam elicited a more pronounced and more lasting tranquilizing effect as compared to that of diazepam. Phenazepam was concluded to be a powerful anxiolytic and sedative agent recommended for premedication before surgical interventions.