[Medico-genetic studies of the Kostroma oblast population. X. Load of hereditary diseases in the population of Kostroma]. / Mediko-geneticheskoe izuchenie naseleniia Kostromskoi oblasti. Soobshchenie X. Otiagoshchennost' nasledstvennoi patologiei neseleniia g. Kostroma.

Medical-genetic study of the population of Kostroma (the total size of the population analysed approx. 250,000) was carried on. The load of hereditary diseases in the population (per 1000) was 0.75 for autosomal dominant, 0.49 for autosomal recessive and 0.17 for X-linked recessive disorders. Significant differences in the prevalence of autosomal recessive hereditary disorders between rural populations and the population of Kostroma were observed. The dependence of the load of autosomal recessive pathology on random inbreeding was shown for the whole Kostroma province.

[Medico-genetic study of the Kostroma Region population. VIII. Genetic structure of large subdivided populations and its relation with the incidence of autosomal-recessive pathology]. / Mediko-geneticheskoe izuchenie naseleniia Kostromskoi oblasti. Soobshchenie VIII. Geneticheskaia struktura krupnykh podrazdelennykh populiatsii i ee sviaz' s rasprostranennost'iu autosomno-retsessivnoi patologii.

FST was estimated for 67 communities and 6 small towns of Kostroma province. The mean FST value for rural and urban populations was (0.83 +/- 0.08).10(-3) and (0.29 +/- 0.07).10(-3), respectively. The connection between FST values and the load of autosomal-recessive disorders was established; the coefficient of correlation (by Chuprov) was 0.34 (chi 2 = 8.45; P less than 0.05). The matrices of genetic distances for two groups of districts of Kostroma province, based on surnames frequencies, were calculated. Dendrogramms were constructed using genetic distances, which reflect the degree of genetical similarity of the populations. The conclusion drawn from the analysis of these dendrogramms is that there is distinct isolation by distance in populations of Kostroma province. It is shown that genetical subdivision of populations is dependent on geographical and some other factors and on the load of autosomal-recessive pathology in the population.

[Medico-genetic study of the Kostroma Region population. IX. Interpretation of the genetic distance matrix]. / Mediko-geneticheskoe izuchenie naseleniia Kostromskoi oblasti. Soobshchenie IX. Interpretatsiia matritsy geneticheskikh rasstoianii.

Two kinds of matrices of genetic distances were compared. The first originate from the distribution of surnames frequencies in communities of some districts of Kostroma province. The others were constructed, based on the population size and the physical distances between populations. Essential similarity in results obtained by these two methods was noted. The differences arise, due to the elements of infrastructure in the real populations which are not taken into account using the second method.

[Medico-genetic study of the population of Kostroma Province. VI. The parameters of isolation by distance in the populations of the Bui and Shar'ya Districts of Kostroma Province]. / Mediko-geneticheskoe izuchenie naseleniia Kostromskoi oblasti. Soobshchenie VI. Parametry izoliatsii rasstoianiem v populiatsiiakh Buiskogo i Shar'inskogo raionov Kostromskoi oblasti.

A model of isolation by distance proposed by Malécot and developed by Morton is applied to the data on marriage distances collected in two regions of Kostroma Province. There is good agreement between the estimates of local inbreeding when using the isonymy method and the model of isolation by distance. Interpopulation kinship approaches 0 at the distance 700 km. The mean coefficient of kinship for parents in the families with autosomal-recessive pathology is 20 times higher than mean coefficient of kinship in the population.

[The structure of the inbreeding coefficient in a rural Asian population]. / Struktura koéffitsienta inbridinga v sel'skoi aziatskoi populiatsii

The population-genetic study of an elementary rural population located in the Urgut district of Samarcand province was carried out. The pedigree for the whole population starting from the founders was evaluated. From 208 marriages presented in the population, 148 (71.2%) were consanguineous. The mean coefficient of inbreeding calculated from the pedigree was 0.028. A new approach to the evaluation of marital assortativity in a rural Uzbek population without tribial differentiation and inherited surnames was proposed. It consists in awarding artificial surnames to the founders of the population. Applying this approach to the population under study gives following values of F-statistics: FIT = 0.031, FIS = 0.01841, FST = 0.01282.

[Medico-genetic study of the population of the Kostroma region. III. Inbreeding coefficient and its dynamics in rural populations and small towns]. / Mediko-geneticheskoe izuchenie naseleniia Kostromskoi oblasti. Soobshchenie III. Koéffitsient inbridinga i ego dinamika v sel'skikh populiatsiiakh i gorodakh raionnogo masshtaba.

Analysis of the inbreeding coefficient, its structure and dynamics in rural and urbanized populations of the Kostroma province was performed. The coefficient of inbreeding was estimated for the "old" and "new" villages via migration and isonymy, the values being 0.001185; 0.000786 and 0.001341; 0.000682, respectively. It follows from these data that there is a good agreement between the values of the inbreeding coefficient estimated by two different methods and that this coefficient is diminished doubly in "new" villages. The coefficient of inbreeding in small towns was estimated via isonymy. It is 0.000704 in ancient and 0,000229 in modern towns. The decrease in the inbreeding coefficient was more pronounced in towns, as compared to villages.

[Suitability of Russian surnames as a "quasi-genetic" marker]. / Prigodnost' russkikh familii v kachestve "kvazigeneticheskogo" markera.

The possible usefulness of Russian surnames as a quasi-genetic marker in the population study is analysed. Two approaches for the populations of different hierarchical levels are used. The coefficients of correlations between the matrices of genetical (based on gene frequencies in the populations) and quasi-genetical (based on surnames frequencies in the populations) distances were determined. The mean correlation coefficient is 0.315 +/- 0.15. Genetical and quasi-genetical distances and the level of gamete exchange between populations are connected, being reversely dependent. The mean correlation coefficients are: -0.63 +/- 0.13 and -0.23 +/- 0.16. The correlation coefficient for matrices of quasi-genetical and geographical distances was 0.39 +/- 0.08, this being -0.42 +/- 0.08 for matrices of quasi-genetical distance and geometrical mean of population dimensions. It is shown that surnames can replace genetic markers in description of the population genetic structure and in the study of the processes influencing this structure.