The penetration of topically applied ointment containing hyaluronic acid in rabbit tissues.

The properties of hyaluronic acid used for treatment of acute and chronic joint disease are known for many years and this compound is widely used both in humans and animals. To obtain a therapeutic effect of a certain drug, the appropriate concentration in the target organ or tissue is important. The application of labeled compounds is one of the frequently applied techniques to estimate drug penetration into the skin and other body tissues or organs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the penetration of hyaluronic acid labeled with I-131 through the skin and its distribution within the knee joint and other internal organs in rabbits after a topical application of an ointment containing hyaluronic acid. The experiment was performed on 22 albino rabbits divided into control and examined groups. Fifteen rabbits were exposed to the multicomponent ointment containing hyaluronic acid labeled with I-131. Time of exposure was 48 hours. Hyaluronate penetrated to a high degree into the examined tissues. No significant differences in terms of leg tissue activity were observed between a leg tissue exposed to labeled ointment and that unexposed, suggesting that after topical administration, the active component of the ointment is delivered to the joint via the blood stream. Hyaluronate applied topically penetrates through the skin into the rabbit tissues and organs and into the joint fluid of both legs (exposed and not exposed). This route of administration seems to be useful for this drug delivery and allows to avoid unnecessary side effects.

Population genetics of 15 autosomal STR loci in the population of Pomorze Zachodnie (NW Poland).

Allele frequency data and forensic efficiency parameters for 15 STR loci: D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, FGA were estimated from a sample of 600 unrelated individuals from the Pomorze Zachodnie (NW Poland). The combined MP and PE for all 15 loci are 3.9x10(-18) and 0.9999988, respectively. Pairwise comparisons between Northwestern Poland and other Polish populations were performed.

Bone structure of the temporo-mandibular joint in the individuals aged 18-25.

Osteohistometric studies were performed in 15 female and 15 male cadavers aged 18-25. Condyloid process and right and left acetabulum of the temporo-mandibular joint have been studied. Density has been investigated using monitor screen linked with microscope (magnification 80x). Density in the spongy part of the condyloid process was 26.67-26.77%; in the subchondrial layer--72.13-72.72%, and in the acetabular wall 75.03-75.91%. Microscopic structure of the bones of the temporo-mandibular joint revealed no differences when compared with images of compact and cancellous bone shown in the histology textbooks. Sex and the side of the body had no influence on microscopic image and proportional bone density. Isles of chondrocytes in the trabeculae of the spongy structure of the condyloid process were found in 4 cases and isles of the condensed bone resembling the compact pattern in 7 cases.

[Phenomenon of karyolysis in cytophotomorphometric examinations]. / Zjawisko kariolizy w badaniach cytofotomorfometrycznych.

Studies were performed on hepatocytes of ten rabbits' livers. The one-year-old animals were sacrificed by a blow in the suboccipital region. Under aseptic conditions each liver was divided into 9 parts. One of them was examined at once (zero time) the remaining parts were placed in sterile vessels lined with gauze moistened in Ringer's solution, which created an environment of 100% humidity. Autolysis was being conducted for 8 hours at temperature 37 degrees C, carrying out the investigations with hourly intervals. The cells for studying were obtained by preparing contact smears that stemmed from a fresh cross-section of the liver segment. The smears were fixed in formalin vapour 40% proceeding for 2 hours at temperature 21 degrees C, and subsequently in 96% ethanol for 0.5 hour. Feulgen's reaction was run in accordance with the routine principles by using the basic fuschin NI 42510 of Fischer Firm (USA). The morpho-photometric measurements of nuclei were taken by means of computed device "Morphoquant" of Carl Zeiss Firm, Jena, 1982. The following measurements of the cell nuclei were accomplished, namely: A. morphometric--surface, circumferential length, bulged surface, ratio of diameters, unstained surface; B. photometric--medium extinction, circumferential extinction, total extinction. The results of studies were documented by 95 diagrams. On the basis of measurements taken, it has been established that, during the 7 hour-long period of autolysis, nucleus of hepatocyte is subjected to dynamic transformations, whereas the plotted function does not follow a linear course. During the observation the circumference and the surface resemble a polynomial with three extremes (Fig. 12, 21, 39); similarly the mean extinction and circumference extinction (attention is attracted by its severe course as compared to surface and circumference) (Fig. 57, 66). At the time of experiment the differentiation of nuclei population undergoes changes in the direction of its uniformity which concerns, to greater or lesser degree, all the investigated features (compare figures of histograms). The isolated group of tetraploidal nuclei is characterised by occupying another place. It is defined by 3 variables in spatial arrangement (Fig. 76, 80). The analysis of correlation allowed for determination of the dynamic connections, between the studied variables, which seem to be specific for a given experimental time (Tab. 1, 2). On the ground of the performed studies 7 final conclusions have been formulated: 1. Autolysis of the nuclei of hepatocytes is non-linear phenomenon; (its course resembles multinominal graph 6 degrees with three extremes in 1, 4 and 6th hour. 2. Photomorphometric parameters allow for determining the status of the nucleus of hepatocyte in the course of autolysis. 3. The fourth hour of autolysis is a characteristic point after which no response of nucleus to deteriorating oxygen condition was observed. 4. In postmortem autolysis of the nuclei of hepatocytes pyknosis is found to appear, there is no phenomenon of karyorrhexis. 5. After a 7-hour-long experiment, Feulgen's diffusional reaction starts in cytoplasm. 6. A group of tetraploid nuclei is being isolated in the course of the autolysis of hepatocytes. 7. In the course of experiment there appeared a small quantitative loss of nuclear DNA.

[The level of alcohol and titre of A and B group substances of the ABO system in blood samples infected by some strains of Escherichia coli]. / Poziom alkoholu i miana substancji grupowych A i B ukladu AB0 w próbkach krwi zakazonych niektórymi szczepami Escherichia coli.

Evaluating the results of sectional blood examinations for ethyl alcohol content is difficult due to the proceeding putrid and fermentative processes, in consequence of which endogenic ethyl alcohol is produced. Some difficulties also arise from estimating the results of serological investigations concerning the biological traces having been changed by putrefaction, where the presence of heterogenic antigens may be suspected. The putrid-fermentative processes are linked with the activity of microorganisms, particularly bacteria and yeast-like fungi. The first part of the paper deals with the bacterial flora in 50 sectional blood samples taken for routine determinations of ethyl alcohol content, thus with added sodium fluoride as bacteriostatic agent. The identification of the microorganisms cultured on differentiating and selectively differentiating media was carried out on the basis of the culture appearance, specimens stained by Gram's method, as well as biochemical examinations. From 16 studied samples of the sectional blood no strain of bacteria was cultured, mixed bacterial flora was isolated from the remaining ones (Tab. 1). Most numerous were Gram-negative bacteria (71%) among which E.coli appeared most frequently. Gram-positive claimed 28% of the cultured microflora, while anaerobes hardly 4%. In the second part of the paper, the selected strains of E. coli pertaining to serological groups: 02, 04, 06, 08, 09, 022, 025 were studied with regard to their possibility to produce ethanol as well as antigens A and B of AB0 system. E.coli strains were grown on broth medium containing glucose in concentration of from 0.00 to 27.75 mmol/l and human blood of 0 group collected from blood-donors on sodium citrate and CPD preservative with glucose in its content. Ethanol concentration in cultures was determined after 24 and 72 hours of incubation, by gas chromatography method, and glucose by enzymatic method. In serological investigations the material consisted of linen pieces being covered with 72-hour cultures of E.coli on broth and human blood of group 0. The study for the presence of the group substances A and B of AB0 system was performed by absorption method according to Holzer, and by absorption and elution method. In consequence of the studies it has been ascertained that sodium fluoride added as a bacteriostatic agent does not entirely inhibit the growth of bacteria, and especially bacteria Gram-negative appeared to be least sensitive to its action (Tab. 1). Selected strains of E.coli have differed with regard to the efficiency of ethanol production (Tab. 2). The level of produced ethanol depended on glucose concentration in the medium, temperature and the incubation time (Tab. 2, 3, 4 and Fig. 1). Under almost similar conditions the same strains produce more alcohol than on blood, which may give rise to supposition that the blood modifies the metabolism of bacteria (Tab. 4 and 5). The cultures of selected strains studied failed to reveal the presence of heteroantigens with properties of antigen A and B of AB0 system.

[Cause of rare pulmonary tumors. Two cases of pulmonary carcinosarcoma]. / Z kazuistyki rzadkich guzów pluc. Dwa przypadki miesakoraków pluca.

Two cases of primary pulmonary carcinosarcoma in men, aged 59 and 57 years, have been described. These are 100-th and 101-st descriptions in the world literature, being the second and third in Poland. The preoperative diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of endobronchial tumour was established on the basis of cytologic examination of sputum and specimen from bronchus. While the peripheral tumour was diagnose on the basis of fine needle transthoracic biopsy. The ultimate diagnosis was made by relying on histological examination, as well as after application of monoclonal antibodies. Cytokeratin and vimentin expression were detected in endobronchial neoplasm, but only cytokeratin expression was disclosed in the neoplasm peripherally in the lung parenchyma. The authors focus the attention on the increase, evidenced in the last ten years, of primary malignant and non-malignant, uniform and mixed mesenchymal tumours of the lungs, as well as on the relevant new problems and difficulties in microscopic preoperative diagnosis.

[Lipoma of the larynx and hypopharynx]. / Tluszczak krtani i gardla dolnego.

A case of lipoma of the larynx and hypopharynx is described in 56 year female. Expiration dyspnoea and change of the voice were manifested from due years. The tumor was removed per os and complete cure was obtained. Final diagnosis lipoma was appointmented of histological examination.

Effect of constant magnetic field on the liver of guinea pig. Electron microscopic studies.

Twenty guinea pigs were exposed 1 hour daily, for 3 to 7 weeks to constant magnetic field (CMF), the induction of which was 0.005 T, and 0.3 T. Hepatocytes were examined in semithin sections with light microscope and TEM. The negative photographic plates of the TEM were analyzed and measured with densitometer. It was shown that CMF of the induction 0.005 T and 0.3 T exhibited structural changes in hepatocytes, primarily in mitochondria.

Vascular changes and inflammatory infiltrations in primary lung cancers.

Twenty one surgical specimens of lung cancer were studied. Microangiography showed that the vascularization of the tumours did not depend either on the size or histology of carcinoma. Abundant vascularity of tumours was associated with the degree development of connective tissue--vascular stroma. Poor vascularity was linked with neoplastic blockade of vessels and the presence of necrosis. Besides the cancer tumour the vascular changes existed in all parts of the lung, but they were expressed most profusely in the surroundings of neoplastic infiltrate. The range of histological vascular changes was as follows: elastosis, inflammation, lumen obliteration (proliferation of intima), wall thickening (arterialization of veins), oedema, hyalinization, plasmorrhagia, fibrosis (scarring), presence of acid GAG, thrombosis. The most striking vascular changes were connected with hilar and intralobar localization of the tumour, the mildest with subpleural position. The intensity of vascular changes depended on the size of tumour and existence of necrosis. The extent of necrosis and the histological type of neoplasm exerted no essential effects in this respect. Inflammatory cell infiltration appeared abundantly in the direct vicinity of the tumour in adenocarcinoma, with hilar localization and displayed proportional dependence on the size of tumour and the extent of necrosis, but the tumours, whose diameter exceeded 6 cm, failed to have any effect on the intensity of the inflammatory cell reactions.