The evolution of anesthesiology education: Embracing new technologies and teaching approaches.

Background and aims: Medical education requires regular reforms to include emerging best practices and technologies, while also critically evaluating effectiveness of traditional didactic teaching methods. This manuscript examines the challenges and opportunities associated with modernizing the anesthesiology curriculum. Methods: Narrative review of literature on innovations in medical education, with a specific emphasis on anesthesiology training. Results: Educators face difficulties implementing new teaching approaches and evaluating their effectiveness. However, active learning methods, blended with selected traditional techniques, can enhance learner engagement and competencies. Self-directed learning and simulations prepare students for real-world practice, while flipped classrooms and online platforms increase accessibility. Conclusions: A blended approach, integrating interactive technology alongside modified lectures and seminars, may optimize anesthesiology education. Despite the promise of improved pedagogies, further research is required to assess outcomes. By embracing innovation while retaining certain foundational methods, programs can equip anesthesiologists with modern skills. This evolution is key to meeting the needs of 21st-century anesthesia care needs. Remaining at the forefront of this transformation will be vital in preparing competent future anesthesiologists through state-of-the-art education.

Authors' conflicts of interest in Nepalese healthcare journals.

Most biomedical journals now require authors to declare their conflicts of interest (COI), especially financial ones, before they accept the manuscript for submission. This study aims to examine the COI policies of Nepalese healthcare journals. The sample constituted journals indexed in Nepal Journals Online (NepJOL) as of June 2021. Of the 68 that met our inclusion criteria, 38(55.9%) journals endorsed the COI policy of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Thirty-six (52.9%) journals had a policy for reporting the COI. Financial COI was the only type of COI mentioned. All journals in Nepal are encouraged to request the authors to declare the COI for better transparency.

Potential Drug-drug Interaction among the Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Drug interactions are one of the major contributors to increase hospital stay, inflate health care expenses, and cause serious adverse events and end-organ damage. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit are already critically sick and are at greater risk of these adverse outcomes. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions in the Intensive Care Units of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients admitted in the Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital from April-June 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board at the institute (Reference number: 399). Convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected using proforma and potential drug-drug interactions were identified using Lexicomp® drug-interactions version 1.1 (Wolters Kluwer). All the drug interactions identified were classified and the severity scale of interactions was also defined. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0 was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and mode. Results: Out of 101 patients, the prevalence of the drug-drug interaction was found to be 90 (89.11%) (83.04-95.18 at 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 490 drug-drug interactions were identified. In severity scale, it was seen that 311 (63.46%) were of moderate severity and 303 (61.83%) of drug interactions were categorised as category C in risk rating. Conclusions: Prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions was higher compared to similar published literature. The most common drug with potential interaction was fentanyl and among pairs was fentanyl plus paracetamol. Keywords: drug interactions; intensive care units; Nepal; software.