Comparative evaluation of photobiomodulation therapy at 660 and 810 nm wavelengths on the soft tissue local anesthesia reversal in pediatric dentistry: an in-vivo study.

Background: Local anesthesia has been reliably used to control pain during dental procedures and is important in pediatric dentistry. However, children occasionally complain of prolonged numbness after dental treatment, leading to several problems. Studies conducted to reverse the effect of local anesthesia using phentolamine mesylate and photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) are encouraging but limited. PBM is a type of light therapy that utilizes visible and near-infrared non-ionizing electromagnetic spectral light sources. Hence, this study used this modality to compare the reversal of local anesthesia at two different wavelengths. This study compared the effect of PBM at 660 and 810 nm wavelengths on the reversal of soft tissue local anesthesia using a diode LASER in pediatric dentistry. Method: Informed consent and assent were obtained, and the participants were then divided randomly into three groups of 20 children each: control group-without LASER irradiation, LASER irradiation at 660 nm, and LASER irradiation at 810 nm. Sixty children aged 4-8 years with deciduous mandibular molars indicated for pulp therapy were administered an inferior alveolar nerve block. After 45 min of injection, a duration that was similar to the approximate duration of treatment, they were exposed to 660- and 810-nm LASER irradiation according to their groups until reversal of local anesthesia was achieved. The control group did not undergo LASER irradiation. The reversal of the soft tissue local anesthetic effect was evaluated using palpation and pin prick tests every 15 min, and the LASER irradiation cycle continued until reversal of the soft tissue local anesthesia was achieved. Results: A significant reduction of 55.5 min (27.6%) in the mean soft tissue local anesthesia reversal time was observed after the application of 810 nm wavelength PBM and 69 min (34.7%) after 660 nm wavelength LASER irradiation. Conclusion: PBM with a 660 nm wavelength was more effective in reducing the mean soft tissue local anesthesia reversal duration, and thus can be used as a reversal agent for soft tissue local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry.

Aging resistance of infiltrated monolithic zirconia compared to noninfiltrated monolithic zirconia: A systematic review of in vitro studies.

Aim: The aim of the study is to systematically assess the impact of low-temperature degradation (LTD) simulation in an autoclave on mechanical and microstructural properties of infiltrated monolithic zirconia compared to the noninfiltrated zirconia. Settings and Design: Systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guidelines. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was done within these databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, Wiley, Google Scholar for articles published between 2000 and March 2021. Search results that met eligibility criteria were categorized into two groups based on properties assessed of infiltrated monolithic zirconia exposed to LTD (also called aging simulation) - (a) mechanical (flexural strength and fracture toughness) and (b) microstructural properties (phase transformation rate and m content). Statistical Analysis Used: Qualitative analysis. Results: The search identified 272 preliminary results. After discarding duplicates, and screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 10 articles finally met inclusion criteria. Data were collected on author's details and their countries, journal and year of publication, type and percentage of infiltration, aging protocol (duration and temperature), mechanical, and microstructural properties. All the included studies invariably revealed better aging resistance without a change in mechanical properties for infiltrated monolithic zirconia as compared to noninfiltrated species. Conclusion: Infiltration within monolithic zirconia can reduce degradation and simultaneously maintain their mechanical properties by preventing water entry into grain contours. The final m content was less for infiltrated Zirconium, indicating a lesser phase transformation and better aging resistance. Other Information: Systematic review protocol registered at PROSPERO CRD42021248153.

Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the flexural strength and microhardness of zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement and glass ionomer type IX cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample size of twenty each of group I (zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement) and group II (glass ionomer type IX cement) were selected. The samples were prepared in the customized steel molds and subjected to test for flexural strength and microhardness. The flexural strength was determined by the three-point bending test. After determining the flexural strength, the fragments were used to determine Vickers Hardness by means of an automatic microhardness indenter. The flexural strength and microhardness was calculated for all samples and subjected to statistical analysis. Two sample t-test with unequal variances were used, as the data are found to be from the same material. The normality was checked by using the usual normal probability plot. For flexural strength, p value was found to be 0.007530. Hence, zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement was superior to glass ionomer type IX cement. For microhardness the p value was found to be 0.0023. So, glass ionomer type IX cement was superior to zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement. CONCLUSION: The zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement showed enhanced flexural strength when compared to glass ionomer type IX cement, thus increasing the longevity whereas glass ionomer type IX cement had a better microhardness than zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement. Hence, the mechanical properties of various materials should be considered for the long-term clinical success by selecting the appropriate material based on the clinical condition. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Patil K, Patel A, Kunte S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):381-389.

Distalization of Maxillary First Permanent Molar by Pendulum Appliance in Mixed Dentition Period.

INTRODUCTION: Mesial drifting of molar teeth in maxillary arch is corrected by movement of the molars distally. In addition to traditional distal movement techniques, such as extraoral force application and removable appliances, various intra-arch devices have been introduced since 1980s. These intra-arch appliances have nearly eliminated the need for patient cooperation. CASE REPORT: The purpose of this paper is to report a case of 10-year-old male patient with loss of space in maxillary molar teeth treated by intra-arch appliance-pendulum appliance by distalization of maxillary first permanent molar teeth. Distaliza-tion of the permanent molar teeth helped in proper eruption of second premolar teeth without any extensive treatment procedures. CONCLUSION: In the present case report, the treatment of developing malocclusion was corrected by utilizing the concept of interceptive orthodontics. Hence, correction of space loss in mixed dentition period using pendulum appliance can eliminate the fixed orthodontic therapy. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Paranna S, Shetty P, Anandakrishna L, Rawat A. Distalization of Maxillary First Permanent Molar by Pendulum Appliance in Mixed Dentition Period. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(3):299-301.