ABSTRACT
Women are still underrepresented in STEM careers (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). One of the possible drivers behind this gender gap in the labour market is the female dropout from STEM education. The causes of the gender differences in the persistence of pursuing STEM studies have been explained by multiple factors related to interest and resolution in this type of career. The goal of the present research is to study the Engineering persistence gender gap in higher education by exploring the main factors underlying the leakage in the pipeline of Engineering fields. Our study reports the results of 34 qualitative in-depth interviews where internal barriers, stereotypes and external obstacles are assessed by women who have left their university degrees, compared with men who have withdrawn and women who have persisted. Results from the content analysis suggest that the undermining of persistence in Engineering fields is related to factors such as the chilly and hostile environment in classes or the workload from an excessively demanding curriculum. Other factors affecting women's withdrawal are the lack of role models and the perceived incongruity between the female gender role and STEM roles in society, leading to a weakening of female students' self-efficacy and eroding their sense of belongingness, even making them consider dropping out of their Engineering degree. These findings provide information for the design of future STEM interventions aimed to enhance women's persistence in STEM university studies.
ABSTRACT
A randomized trial of amphotericin B (AB) alone and in combination with oral itraconazole (IZ) is carried out in two groups of 10 mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients from Bolivia and Peru. AB+IZ combination is no better than AB monotherapy, as far as efficacy and tolerability are concerned. No antagonism was detected.
Subject(s)
Amphotericin B , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
En el periodo comprendido de enero a diciembre de 1990 tuvimos la ocasion de observar por primera vez en nuestro hospital un brote epidemico de chancro blando en 55 pacientes incluidos entre otros 142 pacientes con diferentes sexualmente transmitibles. En 22 de ellos el diagnostico clinico fue confirmado por examen directo y cultivo de agar chocolate, 20 correspondian al sexo masculino y 2 al femenino. Las caracteristicas de todos los pacientes eran similares a los reportados en la literatura. En algunos casos observamos asociacion con otras enfermedades de transmision sexual. Este es el primer reporte de chancro blando observado en nuestro pais y aparecido con caracter epidemico coincidente con un aumento en la frecuencia de la enfermedad a nivel mundial. El tratamiento con eritromicina o co-trimoxozol resulto exitoso para la totalidad de los casos utilizados
