Câncer de mama e cosméticos / Breast cancer and cosmetics

Algumas substâncias estão ligadas à carcinogênese, como por exemplo, os estrógenos e outras substâncias químicas com propriedades estrogênicas (xenoestrógenos), que estão associados ao câncer de mama. Entre os componentes dos cosméticos, os principais xenoestrógenos são sais de alumínio (presentes em antiperspirantes), triclosan (desodorantes, sabonetes íntimos, deocolônias e conservantes), fragrâncias sintéticas e parabenos (conservantes). Eles apresentam atividade desreguladora (disruptora) hormonal, atuam em receptores de estrógenos e estimulam o crescimento de células de câncer de mama. Muitos têm efeito cumulativo. A partir da década de 1990, começou a haver maior conscientização do consumo de cosméticos, buscando produtos mais seguros para o ser humano e para o planeta, baseados em substâncias naturais de cultivo ecologicamente correto, dentro da biodiversidade regional e livre de agentes potencialmente tóxicos. Isso estimulou uma adequação da indústria e a produção de cosméticos segundo esses conceitos, os chamados cosméticos naturais, cosméticos orgânicos ou biocosméticos.(AU)

Some substances are related to carcinogenesis, for example, estrogens and other compounds with estrogenic properties (xenoestrogens), which are associated with breast cancer. Among the cosmetic components, the main xenoestrogens are aluminum salts (present in antiperspirants), triclosan (deodorants, preservatives, soaps, toilet water), synthetic fragrances and parabens (preservatives). They have hormone disrupting activity, acting on estrogen receptors and stimulating the growth of breast cancer cells. Many of them have cumulative effect. From the 1990s, there has been more consciousness of cosmetics consumption, seeking safer products for humans and for the planet, based on natural substances of environment-friendly farming, within the regional biodiversity and free of potentially toxic agents. It has stimulated an adaptation of industry and the production of cosmetics according to these concepts, the so-called natural cosmetics, organic cosmetics or biocosmetics.(AU)

Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Animal Models of Calendula officinalis L. Growing in Brazil.

Calendula officinalis is an annual herb from Mediterranean origin which is popularly used in wound healing and as an anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, the ethanolic extract, the dichloromethane, and hexanic fractions of the flowers from plants growing in Brazil were produced. The angiogenic activity of the extract and fractions was evaluated through the chorioallantoic membrane and cutaneous wounds in rat models. The healing activity of the extract was evaluated by the same cutaneous wounds model through macroscopic, morphometric, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical analysis. The antibacterial activity of the extract and fractions was also evaluated. This experimental study revealed that C. officinalis presented anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities as well as angiogenic and fibroplastic properties acting in a positive way on the inflammatory and proliferative phases of the healing process.

Healing activity of laser InGaAlP (660nm) in rats / Atividade cicatrizante do laser AlGaInP (660nm) em ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect the healing activity of diode laser Indium Gallium Aluminum Phosphorus (InGaAlP) ë660nm on healing of surgical wounds in rats. METHODS: Fifty-four female Wistar rats were used, divided into three groups (n=18) and subdivided into three subgroups (n=6) to be studied in 5, 10 and 15th days after surgical procedures. The wound was induced in the dorsal-cervical using punch. The lesions were irradiated on alternate days with InGaAlP laser, the energy densities of 3J/cm² (L3) or 6J/cm² (L6). The control group received no irradiation. At 5, 10 and 15th days after surgery the animals were euthanized and the repair area was removed and histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrossírius. We evaluated macroscopic and histological lesions in the times cited, as well as morphometric analysis of angiogenesis and collagen content. RESULTS: The wound healing activity InGaAlP laser was evidenced by increased angiogenesis group L3 and L6 in relation to control group (CG) at the 5th day (p=0.0001) and decreased polymorphonuclear infiltrate and hemorrhage (p=0.045 and p=0.07 respectively) in the groups L3 and L6 in relation to control group (GC). On the 10 and 15th days was also observed in groups treated with laser L3 and L6 stimulation was pronounced fibroplasia (p=0.0003 and p=0.034 respectively) when compared with the control group (CG). CONCLUSION: The InGaAlP laser acted positively on the healing of skin wounds in rats.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade cicatrizante do laser diodo Alumínio Gálio Índio Fósforo (AlGaInP), ë660nm em feridas cutâneas induzida em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 54 ratos Wistar, fêmeas, divididos em três grupos (n=18) e subdivididos em três subgrupos (n=6) animais para serem estudados no 5, 10 e 15º dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. A ferida foi induzida em região dorso-cervical utilizando punch. As lesões foram irradiadas em dias alternados com laser AlGaInP, nas densidades de energia de 3J/cm² (L3) ou 6J/cm²(L6). O grupo controle não recebeu irradiação. No 5,10 e 15º dia após o procedimento cirúrgico os animais foram eutanasiados e a área de reparo foi removida e os cortes histológicos foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina e picrossírius. Foram avaliados aspectos macroscópicos e histológicos das lesões nos tempos citados, bem como análises morfométricas da angiogênese e do conteúdo de colágeno. RESULTADOS: A atividade cicatrizante do laser AlGaInP foi evidenciada pelo aumento da angiogênese do grupo L3 e L6 em relação ao grupo controle (GC) no 5º dia (p=0,0001) e diminuição do infiltrado de polimorfonucleares e hemorragia (p=0,045 e p=0,007 respectivamente) dos grupos L3 e L6 em relação ao controle. No 10 e 15ºdias observou-se também que nos grupos tratados com laser L3 e L6 houve estimulo acentuado a fibroplasia(p=0,0003 e p=0,034 respectivamente), quando comparados ao grupo controle (GC). CONCLUSÃO: O laser AlGaInP atuou de forma positiva sobre a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em ratos.

Healing activity of laser InGaAlP (660nm) in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect the healing activity of diode laser Indium Gallium Aluminum Phosphorus (InGaAlP) ë660nm on healing of surgical wounds in rats. METHODS: Fifty-four female Wistar rats were used, divided into three groups (n=18) and subdivided into three subgroups (n=6) to be studied in 5, 10 and 15(th) days after surgical procedures. The wound was induced in the dorsal-cervical using punch. The lesions were irradiated on alternate days with InGaAlP laser, the energy densities of 3J/cm(2) (L3) or 6J/cm(2) (L6). The control group received no irradiation. At 5, 10 and 15(th) days after surgery the animals were euthanized and the repair area was removed and histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrossírius. We evaluated macroscopic and histological lesions in the times cited, as well as morphometric analysis of angiogenesis and collagen content. RESULTS: The wound healing activity InGaAlP laser was evidenced by increased angiogenesis group L3 and L6 in relation to control group (CG) at the 5(th) day (p=0.0001) and decreased polymorphonuclear infiltrate and hemorrhage (p=0.045 and p=0.07 respectively) in the groups L3 and L6 in relation to control group (GC). On the 10 and 15(th) days was also observed in groups treated with laser L3 and L6 stimulation was pronounced fibroplasia (p=0.0003 and p=0.034 respectively) when compared with the control group (CG). CONCLUSION: The InGaAlP laser acted positively on the healing of skin wounds in rats.

Angiogenic activity of Calendula officinalis flowers L. in rats / Atividade angiogênica das flores da Calendula officinalis L. em ratos

Purpose: In this work, angiogenic activity of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) ethanolic extract and dichloromethane and hexanic fractions were evaluated, considering medicinal properties, especially healing activity, are attributed to this plant. Methods: Models using 36 rats and 90 embryonated eggs were used to evaluate healing and angiogenic activities of extracts and fractions of the plant, through the induction of skin wounds and the chorioallantoic membrane, respectively. The effect of vascular proliferation was also tested from the study to verify the intensity of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cutaneous wounds in rats. Results: The angiogenic activity of the extract and the fractions was evidenced in both experimental models. It was verified that this effect is not directly related to the expression of VEGF and it could be associated to other pro-angiogenic factors. Conclusion: The healing activity referred to C. officinalis is related, among other factors, to its positive effect on angiogenesis, characterized by the induction of neovascularization.

Objetivo: Neste trabalho a atividade sobre a angiogênese do extrato etanólico (EEC) e das frações diclorometano e hexânica das flores de Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) cultivada no Brasil foram avaliados, visto que propriedades medicinais têm sido atribuídas às flores da planta, destacando-se a atividade cicatrizante. Métodos: Modelos utilizando 36 ratos e 90 ovos embrionados foram usados para avaliar as atividades cicatrizante e angiogênica dos extratos e frações da planta, por meio da indução de feridas cutâneas e da membrana corioalantóide, respectivamente. O efeito proliferativo vascular foi também testado a partir do estudo imunoistoquímico, realizado para verificar a intensidade da expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) na derme de ratos. Resultados: A atividade angiogênica do extrato e das frações foi evidenciada nos dois modelos experimentais empregados. Foi evidenciado que este efeito não estava diretamente relacionado à expressão do VEGF, podendo estar associado a outros fatores pró-angiogênicos. Conclusão: A atividade cicatrizante referida a C. officinalis está relacionada ao seu efeito positivo sobre a angiogênese, e este foi caracterizado pela indução de neovascularização.

Angiogenic activity of Calendula officinalis flowers L. in rats.

PURPOSE: In this work, angiogenic activity of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) ethanolic extract and dichloromethane and hexanic fractions were evaluated, considering medicinal properties, especially healing activity, are attributed to this plant. METHODS: Models using 36 rats and 90 embryonated eggs were used to evaluate healing and angiogenic activities of extracts and fractions of the plant, through the induction of skin wounds and the chorioallantoic membrane, respectively. The effect of vascular proliferation was also tested from the study to verify the intensity of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cutaneous wounds in rats. RESULTS: The angiogenic activity of the extract and the fractions was evidenced in both experimental models. It was verified that this effect is not directly related to the expression of VEGF and it could be associated to other pro-angiogenic factors. CONCLUSION: The healing activity referred to C. officinalis is related, among other factors, to its positive effect on angiogenesis, characterized by the induction of neovascularization.

Calendula officinalis: características, propriedades químicas e terapêuticas / Calendula officinalis: characteristics, chemical and therapeutic properties

As plantas medicinais vêm sendo utilizadas pelo homem há muito tempo. Baseado no uso popular das plantas é que pesquisas científicas são desenvolvidas para comprovar seus efeitos terapêuticos. A Calendula officinalis é uma planta de origem mediterrânea sobre a qual existem muitas pesquisas. Portanto, uma revisão bibliográfica foi feita para compilar dados sobre essa planta