ABSTRACT
HIV infection is one of the most acute problems of our time, characterized by slow development, prolonged course, and numerous clinical manifestations. Currently, there is a large number of drugs acting on different processes of human immunodeficiency virus replication, which constitute the group of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This article shows a theoretical review of modern HAART and analyzes the prescribed treatment regimens for patients with HIV infection. The study revealed two most common combinations: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + protease inhibitors; nucleoside + non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV Infections , Humans , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/virology , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic useABSTRACT
We studied the effect of intranasal administration of neural stem cell (NSC)-derived exosomes on behavior and cognitive functions of mice in the late period after head irradiation in a dose of 8 Gy. The used exosomes had specific markers (CD9+/CD63+, 99.5%; TSG101+, 98.4%) and mean size 105.7±8.8 nm according to dynamic light scattering data and 119.0±12.4 nm according to nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Exosome suspension (2×1012 particles/ml according to NTA measurements) was administered intranasally for 4 weeks starting from 48 h after irradiation in a volume of 5 µl/nostril (2×1010 exosomes/mouse). It was shown that intranasal administration of mouse NSC-derived exosomes prevented delayed radiation-induced behavioral changes and recognition memory impairments in mice after head irradiation.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Exosomes , Neural Stem Cells , Mice , Animals , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & controlABSTRACT
We studied efficacy of electrical stimulation of soft palate muscles in 180 patients (292 ears) with various stages of exudative otitis media (EOM). The analysis of the results covered 172 patients. 8 patients withdraw because of the 4th (fibrous) stage of the process (n=4) and incomplete treatment course (n=4). Normalization of audibility thresholds and tympanometric parameters was observed after 10 sessions of electrostimulation in 129 (75.0%) patients with early EOM stages. The effect persisted for 1 year. 3 (1.7%) patients with EOM stage II and 40 (23.3%) patients with stage III failed the treatment. For them bypass operation was recommended. Postoperative electrostimulation of the acoustic tube muscles and standard manipulations were made. Faster recovery of audiometric and tympanometric parameters were recorded in all the patients. Thus, electric stimulation of acoustic tube muscles can be recommended for children with EOM stage I, for most of the children with stage II and for children at stage III in postoperative period after tympanostomy with insertion of the bypass.
