ABSTRACT
The present work studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the release of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) from perifused pituitary glands of 200-gram male Wistar rats. Each pituitary gland, cut into halves, was placed in a chamber of a perifusion system connected to a peristaltic pump which conveyed the perifusion medium (Medium 199, pH 7.3, Gibco, USA) from a reservoir to a chamber at a flow rate of 100 microliters/min. Each tightly closed chamber contained one pituitary gland and 600 microliters medium and it was placed in a water bath at 37 degrees C throughout the experiment. One milliliter samples of effluent were collected every 10 min for 60 min to obtain baseline values of TSH and PRL. Thereafter, TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) 10(-8) M or EGF (10(-11), 10(-10), 10(-9) or 10(-8) M) were added to individual chambers and the 10-min sampling of effluent continued for 60 min. EGF 10(-11) M elicited no TSH response, but 10(-10) and 10(-9) M doses induced significant increases in TSH secretion (p < 0.01) with a peak at 10 min after addition of EGF. In another experiment, EGF 10(-8) M or TRH 10(-8) M significantly elevated TSH secretion (p < 0.01). However, TRH, but not EGF, stimulated PRL secretion (p < 0.01). In the in vivo studies, the intravenous administration of EGF 10(-5) M or TRH 10(-5) M both induced significant elevation of TSH release at 10 min after the injection (p < 0.02 for EGF and p < 0.01 for TRH).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Epidermal Growth Factor/physiology , Pituitary Gland/metabolism , Thyrotropin/metabolism , Animals , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology , Thyroxine/physiologyABSTRACT
The present work studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) from perifused pituitaries of 200 g body weight male Wistar rats. After decapitation the neural lobe was discarded and the anterior pituitary was transferred to a chamber of a perifusion system connected to a peristaltic pump which conveyed the perifusion medium (Medium 199) through a reservoir to a chamber at a flow rate of 100 microliters/min. Individual chambers were filled with 600 microliters of medium and placed in a water bath at 37 degrees C. One ml samples of effluent were collected every 10 min for 60 min to obtain baseline values of TSH. Thereafter, TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) (10(-8) M) or EGF in varied concentrations (10(-8) M to 10(-11) M) were added to individual chambers. The 10 min sampling of effluent was then continued for 60 min to measure TSH by RIA (NIADDK, rTSH RP-2 standard). In the TRH study, the mean basal TSH concentration was 32.1 +/- 6.5 ng/ml, increasing to 105 +/- 13.8 ng at 10 min post-TRH (P less than 0.005) and declining to basal values at 20 min. Addition of EGF 10(-8) M increased TSH secretion from a mean basal value of 68.9 +/- 5.6 ng/ml to 201 +/- 44.3 ng/ml (P less than 0.02) and a return to normal value at 20 min. Similar effects were induced by EGF 10(-9) M (P less than 0.001) and 10(-10) M (P less than 0.05) whereas no effect was elicited by EGF 10(-11) M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology , Pituitary Gland/metabolism , Thyrotropin/metabolism , Animals , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
El factor de crescimiento epidérmico (EGF) es un polipéptido de potente acción mitogénica. La probable influencia de esto factor sobre la fisiología del eje hipofiso-tiroideo no ha sido establecida. En el presente trabajo se estudió la acción del EGF sobre la secreción de TSH por hipófisis de ratas Wistar macho in vitro. Cada adenohipófisis fue colocada en una cámara de purifusión conectada a una bomba peristáltica que impulsaba el fluído de perifusión (medio 199, pH 7,3) a un ritmo de 100 *l/min. Cada cámara, conteniendo una hipófisis y 600 *l de fluído de perifusión, fue mantenida en un baño a 37ºC. Se obtuvieron muestras del effluente (1 ml cada 10 min.) durante 60 min. para medir TSH basal. Luego se agregó en cámaras individuales, TRH en concentración final de 10-8 M o EGF en concentraciones de 10-8 M a 10-11 M, luego de lo cual se continuócon la colección del efluente cada 10 min. por otros 60 minutos. En cada muestra se midió TSH (ng/ml) por RIA (NIADDK, rTSH-RP 2 standard). Resultados: en el estudio con TRH, la TSH basal promedió 32,1 ñ 6,5 ng/ml con un pico post-TRH de 105 ñ 13,8 ng/ml a los 10 min. (P<0,005), retornando al valor basal ... (AU)
Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Female , Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology , Thyrotropin/metabolism , Pituitary Gland/physiology , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
El factor de crescimiento epidérmico (EGF) es un polipéptido de potente acción mitogénica. La probable influencia de esto factor sobre la fisiología del eje hipofiso-tiroideo no ha sido establecida. En el presente trabajo se estudió la acción del EGF sobre la secreción de TSH por hipófisis de ratas Wistar macho in vitro. Cada adenohipófisis fue colocada en una cámara de purifusión conectada a una bomba peristáltica que impulsaba el fluído de perifusión (medio 199, pH 7,3) a un ritmo de 100 *l/min. Cada cámara, conteniendo una hipófisis y 600 *l de fluído de perifusión, fue mantenida en un baño a 37§C. Se obtuvieron muestras del effluente (1 ml cada 10 min.) durante 60 min. para medir TSH basal. Luego se agregó en cámaras individuales, TRH en concentración final de 10-8 M o EGF en concentraciones de 10-8 M a 10-11 M, luego de lo cual se continuócon la colección del efluente cada 10 min. por otros 60 minutos. En cada muestra se midió TSH (ng/ml) por RIA (NIADDK, rTSH-RP 2 standard). Resultados: en el estudio con TRH, la TSH basal promedió 32,1 ñ 6,5 ng/ml con un pico post-TRH de 105 ñ 13,8 ng/ml a los 10 min. (P<0,005), retornando al valor basal ...
Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Female , Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology , Pituitary Gland/physiology , Thyrotropin/metabolism , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
The present work studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) from perifused pituitaries of 200 g body weight male Wistar rats. After decapitation the neural lobe was discarded and the anterior pituitary was transferred to a chamber of a perifusion system connected to a peristaltic pump which conveyed the perifusion medium (Medium 199) through a reservoir to a chamber at a flow rate of 100 microliters/min. Individual chambers were filled with 600 microliters of medium and placed in a water bath at 37 degrees C. One ml samples of effluent were collected every 10 min for 60 min to obtain baseline values of TSH. Thereafter, TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) (10(-8) M) or EGF in varied concentrations (10(-8) M to 10(-11) M) were added to individual chambers. The 10 min sampling of effluent was then continued for 60 min to measure TSH by RIA (NIADDK, rTSH RP-2 standard). In the TRH study, the mean basal TSH concentration was 32.1 +/- 6.5 ng/ml, increasing to 105 +/- 13.8 ng at 10 min post-TRH (P less than 0.005) and declining to basal values at 20 min. Addition of EGF 10(-8) M increased TSH secretion from a mean basal value of 68.9 +/- 5.6 ng/ml to 201 +/- 44.3 ng/ml (P less than 0.02) and a return to normal value at 20 min. Similar effects were induced by EGF 10(-9) M (P less than 0.001) and 10(-10) M (P less than 0.05) whereas no effect was elicited by EGF 10(-11) M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ABSTRACT
The existence of retinopetal neurons in the rat was verified using a morphological and neurochemical approach. Horseradish peroxidase injected into the posterior chamber of the eye labeled polygonal, ovoid, fusiform and small multipolar neurons in the lateral cell groups of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Very small electrolytic lesions of this region produced after several days of survival a significant decrease in the serotonin content of the retina. These results demonstrate the existence of a centrifugal projection to the retina from the lateral cell groups of the dorsal raphe nucleus and show its probable serotonergic nature. Besides, they also provide a new possibility to explain the presence of serotonin in the retina.
Subject(s)
Raphe Nuclei/physiology , Retina/physiology , Serotonin/physiology , Synaptic Transmission , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Horseradish Peroxidase , Male , Neurochemistry , Neurons/cytology , Raphe Nuclei/cytology , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
The present studies were designed to localize within the hypothalamus and neighboring areas the serotonergic terminals which are implicated in suckling-induced PRL release. The initial experiments were performed to characterize the circulating hormone profile induced by suckling in lactating rats, previously separated from their pups. Five minutes of suckling induced an increase in serum PRL only. During these 5 min, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid concentrations were determined in the pars nervosa of the pituitary gland, hypothalamic nuclei, dorsal, and median raphe nuclei. An increase by 80% (P less than 0.01) in 5-HT concentration was found only in the rostral part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (rNHA). In order to investigate causal effect between the altered 5-HT neuronal activity in the rNHA and the suckling-induced PRL release, serotonergic neurotoxin was bilaterally injected in the rNHA on day 1 of lactation. Litters were adjusted to eight pups each and weighed daily to determine litter growth rates. On day 8 of lactation, litters were separated from their mothers for 4 h and allowed to suckle for 5 or 15 min after which the mothers were decapitated. Litters from lesioned animals grew at a lower rate (P less than 0.0001) than control and sham-operated animals. Serum PRL increased with suckling in animals bearing the correct rNHA lesions, but the values were lower than in control and sham-operated animals after 5 (P less than 0.05) and 15 (P less than 0.01) min. Therefore we postulate that the rNHA is the site of termination of a stimulatory serotonergic pathway on PRL release induced by suckling.
Subject(s)
Animals, Suckling/physiology , Hypothalamus, Anterior/physiology , Lactation , Prolactin/metabolism , Serotonin/physiology , 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine/pharmacology , Animals , Brain Mapping , Female , Hormones/blood , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism , Mesencephalon/metabolism , Pregnancy , Raphe Nuclei/metabolism , RatsABSTRACT
The effects of serotonin (5-HT) on the release of gonadotrophins and LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) were examined in an in-vitro perifusion system using median eminences and/or anterior pituitaries obtained from male or pro-oestrous female rats. Animals were killed by decapitation between 12.00 and 13.00 h. A serial double-chamber perifusion system was employed. Three types of experiments were performed. In the first, median eminences were placed in the first chamber and one anterior pituitary in the second chamber. In the second group, only the anterior pituitary was perifused. In the third group, only five median eminences were perifused. In the first and second experiments, LH, FSH and prolactin were determined in the perifusion efflux by radio-immunoassay (RIA). In the third experiment, LHRH was determined by RIA. Addition of 5-HT (final concentrations 0.06, 0.6 and 6.0 mumol/l) into the first chamber containing the median eminences stimulated the release of LH and FSH from the pituitary, but did not affect the levels of prolactin in the effluent in the same experiment (pro-oestrous rats). The stimulatory effect of 5-HT was blocked by the addition of cyproheptadine (l mumol/l) in the perifusion fluid. The introduction of 5-HT (0.6 mumol/l) into the tube connecting the first and second chambers did not modify the release of LH, nor did 5-HT added to the pituitaries perifused alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
