Laparoscopic excision of a renal subcapsular abscess presenting as a subcapsular haematoma / Extirpación laparoscópica de un absceso renal subcapsular que se presenta como un hematoma subcapsular

Renal subcapsular abscess is a very rare entity that is defined by a suppurative process localized to a space between the renal capsule and the renal parenchyma. The pathogenesis and aetiology of this entity remain speculative. To our knowledge, only five cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe a 74-year old woman with renal subcapsular abscess treated with laparoscopic removal and do a review of the literature.

El absceso renal subcapsular es una entidad muy rara que se define por un proceso supurativo localizado en un espacio entre la cápsula renal y el parénquima renal. La patogénesis y la etiología de esta entidad siguen siendo asunto de especulación. Hasta donde sabemos, solamente cinco casos han sido reportados en la literatura inglesa. Describimos aquí a una mujer de 74 años de edad con un absceso renal subcapsular tratado con extirpación laparoscópica y hacemos a la par una revisión de la litera-tura

Development of microsatellite markers for the kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus by 454 pyrosequencing and transfer to related species.

The kelp or longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), which inhabits Eastern Asia, is the most economically important of 11 grouper species that inhabit the Southern Sea near Jeju Island in Korea. This species is listed as vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources because of a rapid decrease in its resources. We developed microsatellite markers for E. bruneus using the pyrosequencing technique for applications in resource management and aquaculture. In addition, we tested the cross-species transferability of the microsatellite markers in four species belonging to the Epinephelus genus. Among 66,452 simple sequence repeats, 64 loci containing more than eight CA or TG repeats were randomly selected for primer synthesis; 45 primer sets (75.0%) produced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of 100-300 bp and were selected as candidates. After primary testing with four E. bruneus fish, 28 polymorphic loci were selected as the final microsatellite markers, and 23 sets showing clear amplification of polymorphic loci were used to analyze 71 fish. These loci have allele numbers ranging from 2 to 23. Null alleles were detected at three loci, and three loci showed an excess of homozygotes in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. Of the three species used for cross-species transfer of these markers, Epinephelus moara showed the highest transferability (92.9%) and polymorphism (67.9%), followed by Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (75.0 and 67.9%, respectively) and Epinephelus septemfasciatus (57.1 and 46.4%, respectively). These results suggested that these microsatellite loci should be valuable tools for population genetic studies of the species Epinephelus.

Genetic differentiation of octopuses from different habitats near the Korean Peninsula and eastern China based on analysis of the mDNA cytochrome C oxidase 1 gene.

Distributed along the coastal waters of Korea and China, Octopus minor is found in various habitats, including the mud flats in the southern and western coasts of the Korean Peninsula and the rocky areas around Jeju Island; however, the genetic relationships among the different populations are unknown and have not been studied. We compared 630-nucleotide sequences of the CO1 gene from O. minor specimens collected from five regions around the Korean Peninsula and three regions from eastern China in order to determine population structure and genetic relationships. Based on the sequences at 12 polymorphic sites in this region, 11 haplotypes were identified from 85 specimens. Individuals from Jeju Island had unique haplotypes, including two haplotypes not found in the other populations. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity for all populations ranged from 0.03-0.37 and 0.20-0.64, respectively. Pairwise F(ST) values indicated significant genetic differences in populations from Korea and China. An UPGMA dendrogram showed separation of the eight populations into three clusters; one included only the Jeju population, another included the rest of the Korean populations and some from Dalian, China; a third cluster consisted of two other populations from China. We conclude that there are discrete genetic differences in O. minor from the different habitats, suggesting that the populations should be considered as management units in the ongoing recovery program.

Microsatellite analysis as a tool for discriminating an interfamily hybrid between olive flounder and starry flounder.

An interspecific artificial hybrid was produced between two economically important aquaculture flatfish: olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and starry flounder (P. stellatus). This hybrid displays the rapid growth characteristic of the former and tolerance to low temperatures and low salinity of the latter, but the genetics of inheritance in this hybrid have not been elucidated. Polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for P. olivaceus and P. stellatus were tested to determine if these markers can be used for analysis of parentage and genetic inheritance. Multiplex PCR using two primer sets that were specific to each species produced PCR products of different sizes; these could be used for the identification of interspecific hybrids. Among the 192 primers derived from olive flounder, 25.5% of the primer sets successfully amplified genomic DNA from starry flounder, and 23% of the 56 primer sets originating from starry flounder amplified DNA from olive flounder. Analysis of genetic inheritance in the hybrid using seven of the 62 microsatellite markers common to both species demonstrated classic Mendelian inheritance of these markers in the hybrid progeny, with the exception of one locus identified as a null allele in the hybrid. These results demonstrate that cross-specific microsatellite markers can be used tools for parentage analysis of hybrid flatfish, for mapping quantitative trait loci, for marker-assisted selective breeding, and for studies of the evolution of fish.