ABSTRACT
The physico-chemical properties of submicron aerosols were measured in the spring of 2018 and 2019 over the Yellow Sea onboard the Gisang 1 research vessel. Aerosol number concentrations in 2019 were slightly higher than those in 2018, and the mean number concentrations of particles larger than 10 nm and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at 0.6% supersaturation (S) in spring 2019 were 7312 ± 3807 cm-3 and 4816 ± 1692 cm-3, respectively. Aerosol concentrations in June were lower than those in April and May, which was considered to be due to the East Asian summer monsoon. Aerosol number concentrations and size distributions were significantly influenced by meteorological conditions, such as wind and relative humidity. Aitken and accumulation mode particles dominated the aerosol number size distributions over the Yellow Sea. A distinct new particle formation (NPF) and growth event was observed, the spatial extent of which was estimated to cover at least 200 km × 400 km of the Yellow Sea. The general characteristics of NPF and growth over the Yellow Sea were similar to those in rural areas. Aerosol number concentrations below 1000 cm-3 were recorded on extremely clean days. A CCN closure experiment conducted using previous measurement data showed good results, indicating that CCN concentrations can be estimated with good accuracy, and the hygroscopicity over the Yellow Sea was similar to that of aged continental aerosols.
Subject(s)
Wind , Aerosols/analysis , Particle Size , SeasonsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation of normal function and form is essential in cleft lip repair. In 2005, Dr. David M. Fisher introduced an innovative method, named "an anatomical subunit approximation technique" in unilateral cleft lip repair. According to this method, circumferential incision along the columella on cleft side of the medial flap is continued to the planned top of the Cupid's bow in straight manner, which runs parallel to the unaffected philtral ridge. Usually, small inlet incision is needed to lengthen the medial flap. On lateral flap, small triangle just above the cutaneous roll is used to prevent unesthetic shortening of upper lip. This allows better continuity of the Cupid's bow and ideal distribution of tension. CASE PRESENTATION: As a modification to original method, orbicularis oris muscle overlapping suture is applied to make the elevated philtral ridge. Concomitant primary rhinoplasty also results in good esthetic outcome with symmetric nostrils and correction of alar web. As satisfactory results were obtained in three incomplete and one complete unilateral cleft lip patients, indicating Fisher's method can be useful in cleft lip surgery with functional and esthetic outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically applied Fisher's method in unilateral cleft lip patients proved the effectiveness in improving the esthetic results with good symmetry. This method also applied with primary rhinoplasty.
ABSTRACT
Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) is defined as an odontogenic cyst-like benign neoplasm that characteristically contains several ghost cells, ameloblastoma-like epithelium, and occasional calcification. Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC), a malignant form of CCOT, is an exceptionally rare malignant tumor. In this report, we present a case of a 53-year-old man whose chief complaint was a solitary mass on the right mandible area. The mass was completely removed through an extraoral surgical approach and reconstructive surgery was performed in two phases.
ABSTRACT
In prolonged chronic osteomyelitis, chronic inflammation and low-grade infections can result in new periosteal bone formation. Chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis (traditionally termed Garré's sclerosing osteomyelitis) mainly affects children and young adults. Here, we present two rare cases of an 11-year-old and a 12-year-old patient with suppurative chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis without any definitive infection source, such as dental caries or periodontitis. The source of infection was likely to be related to the development of a lower right third molar germ with follicular space widening. Management involved antibiotics and the removal of the third molar germ and surgical debridement. Disease remission and a normal appearance was observed at the six-month follow-up visit.
