ABSTRACT
Urinary tract leiomyomas are rare, benign mesenchymal tumors that are traditionally treated with complete surgical excision. We present three cases of urinary tract leiomyoma - two located in the bladder and one in the ureter. Both bladder leiomyomas were treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) with no evidence of recurrent disease, while the upper tract leiomyoma was managed with surveillance by patient preference, which to our knowledge, has not been previously described. The ureteral leiomyoma has remained stable at five years followup from initial diagnosis. Given the benign nature of leiomyomas and the overall low recurrence rate reported in the literature, bladder-sparing options should be emphasized when feasible, with active surveillance potentially applicable for highly select patients.
ABSTRACT
Over the past decade, there has been significant research in electrochemical reduction of CO2, but it has been difficult to develop catalysts capable of C-C bond formation. Here, we report bioelectrocatalysis of vanadium nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii, where cobaltocenium derivatives transfer electrons to the catalytic VFe protein, independent of ATP-hydrolysis. In this bioelectrochemical system, CO2 is reduced to ethylene (C2H4) and propene (C3H6), by a single metalloenzyme.
ABSTRACT
Dye molecules attached to TiO2 nanoparticles have been of a great interest in the applications including dye-sensitized solar cells. In this paper, TiO2 nanoparticle sensitized with a natural photosynthetic dye, 8'-apo-ß-caroten-8'-oic acid (ACOA) was investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Ultrafast excited state dynamics of ACOA and electron injection and recombination dynamics between dye molecules and TiO2 nanoparticles were compared by changing the excitation wavelength between 403 and 480 nm. Ultrafast electron injection into TiO2 nanoparticles with quantum yields of 0.33 was observed for both excitation wavelengths.
