ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to identify the rate and mechanism of abiotic oxidation of ferrous iron at the water-ferric oxide interface (heterogeneous oxidation) at neutral pH. Oxidation was conducted at a low partial pressure of O2 to slow the reactions and to represent very low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions that can occur at oxic/anoxic fronts. Hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was partially converted to goethite after 24 h of anoxic contact with Fe(II), consistent with previous results. This resulted in a significant decrease in sorption of Fe(II). No conversion to goethite was observed after 25 min of anoxic contact between HFO and Fe(II). O2 was then introduced into the chamber and sparged (transfer half-time of 1.6 min) into the previously anoxic suspension, and the rate of oxidation of Fe(II) and the distribution between sorbed and dissolved Fe(II) were measured with time. The concentration of sorbed Fe(II) remained steady during each experiment, despite removal of all measurable dissolved Fe(II) in some experiments. The rate of oxidation of Fe(II) was proportional to the concentration of DO and both sorbed and dissolved Fe(II) up to a surface density of 0.02 mol Fe(II) per mol Fe(III), i.e., approximately 0.2 Fe(II) per nm2 of ferric oxide surface area. This result differs from previous studies of heterogeneous oxidation, which found that the rate was proportional to sorbed Fe(II) and DO but did not find a dependence on dissolved Fe(II). Most previous experiments were autocatalytic; i.e., the initial concentration of ferric oxide was low or none, and sorbed Fe(II) was not measured. The results were consistentwith an anode/cathode mechanism, with O2 reduced at electron-deficient sites with strongly sorbed Fe(II) and Fe(II) oxidized at electron-rich sites without sorbed Fe(II). The pseudo-first-order rate constants for oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) were about 10 times faster than those previously predicted for heterogeneous oxidation of Fe(II).
