[Possibilities of using MIGI-K protective activity under conditions of radionuclide contamination].

Experimental studies of the mussel hydrolyzate (MIGI-K) have shown that this preparation can enhance both general and radiation resistance of the organism. Moreover, MIGI-K promotes elimination of incorporated radionuclides from the organism. Some properties of this preparation, in particular, the absence of toxicity or harmful side effects, have made it possible to apply MIGI-K as an adaptogen, that is, a food supplement oftherapeutic and preventive action used to increase radionuclide excretion in the Chernobyl emergency clean-up workers.

[Photoquenching of the bioluminescence of the genetically engineered Escherichia coli TG1 (pXen7) strain in the presence of photodithazine]. / Fotoindutsirovannoe podavlenie bioliuminestsentsii genno-inzhenernogo shtamma bakterii Escherichia coli TG1 (pXen7) v prisutstvii fotoditazina.

The photoquenching of the bioluminescence of the genetically engineered Escherichia coli TG1 (pXen7) strain was studied in the presence of the photosensitizer photodithazine, a glucosamine salt of chlorin e6. The photosensitized quenching of the bioluminescence was found to correlate with the colony-forming ability of the strain. The data obtained are discussed from the standpoint of using biosensor luminescent bacterial systems for the assessment of the efficiency of photosensitizers in antimicrobial photochemotherapy.

[Experimental study of radiosensitizing effect of analogs of purines and pyrimidine bases in cultured HeLa cells]. / Eksperimental'noe issledovanie radiosensibiliziruiushchego deistviia analogov purinovykh i pirimidinovykh osnovanii na kul'tiviruemykh kletkakh HeLa.

The radio-sensitizing capacity of cultured HeLa cells was investigated by using a number of compounds, which are analogues of purine and pyrimidine bases. Agents (5-fluorouracil, ftorafur, mercaptopyrine) used in chemotherapy for tumors for many years and some compounds (allopurinol and theophylline) that are sterically close to purine and pyrimidine bases and clinically used for various purposes, but have no cytotoxic activity against tumors cells were tested. Fluorouracil was shown to potentiate the action of gamma-radiation when the agent was given used before radiation or used in the concentrations producing no cytotoxic effect. Allopurinol and theophylline do not possess a radio-sensitizing effect. There was a more pronounced radiosensitization in the concurrent use of a double combination of agents and radiation and the greatest cell death rates were observed in the concurrent use of three agents (5-fluorouracil, ftorafur, and methylcytosine) and gamma-radiation.

Effect of middle-wave ultraviolet irradiation and red light on degranulation of peritoneal mast cell in rats.

Middle-wave UV-irradiation inhibits liberator-induced histamine release from mast cells. Red light stimulated liberator-induced degranulation of mast cell. The existence of a membrane-dependent system activated by long-wave (red) light in mammalian cells is discussed.

[Effect of mussels hydrolysate MIGI-K on the adaptive response od bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in mice]. / Vliianie midiinogo gidrolizata MIKI-K na adaptivnyi otvet u stvolovykh kletok kostnogo mozga myshei.

Radioprotective action of MIGI-K hydrolysate on adaptive response was studied. It was shown that this preparation protecting animals under lethal and sub-lethal doses of irradiation can also modify adaptive response. It was supposed that adaptive response model can be applied for studying possibilities of radioprotectors' use under low doses irradiation.

[Adaptogen MIGI-K in rehabilitation of Chernobyl liquidators]. / Primenenie adaptogena MIGI-K dlia reabilitatsii likvidatorov-chernobyl'tsev.

Experimental studies of the mussels hydrolysate (MIGI-K) have shown that this preparation can enhance the radioresistance and general resistance of the organism. The mechanisms of its action are related mainly with its influence on the components of the biochemical back-ground of the resistance and with its antioxidative activity. Some properties of this preparation, for example, absence of toxicity and harmful side effects, made it possible as an adaptogene and as a remedy, increasing radionuclides excretion.

[Biologically active food additive from mussels]. / Pishchevaia biologicheski aktivnaia dobavka iz midii.

Acid mussel hydrolisate MIGI-K LP is a food product, and a medical and prophylactic preparation containing a full set of irreplaceable amino acids (with the exception of thriptophane), essential fatty acids, macro- and microelements. MIGI-K LP can be used as a foot additive which improves the taste and increases the food qualities of the product, and as a medical preparation against some diseases.

[Use of a preparation of natural origin to attenuate biological effects under conditions of radioactive pollution and in a radiobiological experiment]. / Ispol'zoavnie preparata prirodnogo proiskhozhdeniia dlia oslableniia biologicheskikh éffektov v usloviiakh radioaktivnogo zagriazneniia i v radiobiologicheskom eksperimente.

The experiments in animals exposed in the area of increased radiation level around the Chernobyl NPP and the observational data on laringosyndrom and peripheral blood pattern of the people, who worked at the Chernobyl NPP in 1986-1987, have shown that it is possible to use some biogenic preparations (e.g. MIGI-K) for protection under chronic exposure to natural and technogenous ionizing radiation. MIGI-K preparation effectively enhances radioresistance as well as general resistance of the organism. It has important positive characteristics: it is non-toxic, there are no side effects and contra-indications for its peroral use as a nutriceutic, it has no mutagenic properties, it has not only radioprophylactic but also radiotherapeutic activity and pronounced cancerostatic activity. It is also important that MIGI-K has long-term effects on the organism resistance (up to 2 weeks after the ending of its month course), enhances the endogenous background of radioresistance, shows hemoregulatory effects, intensifies radionuclide efflux from organism. It can be stored under room temperature for several months without the loss of its activity. The data mentioned above let us to conclude that MIGI-K is adaptogenous preparation with wide spectrum of activity.

[The effect of low doses of ionizing radiation on intracellular pH, ATP content and synthetic activity in cultured Chinese hamster fibroblasts]. / Vliianie malykh doz ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na vnutrikletochnyi pH, soderzhanie ATF i sinteticheskuiu aktivnost' kul'tiviruemykh fibroblastov kitaiskogo khomiachka.

X irradiation of Chinese fibroblasts with doses of 0.05-0.15 Gy was shown to cause intracellular pH (pHi) changes: its diminishing during the first 40-60 min by 0.16-0.18 pH units, then the return to the control level 120 min after irradiation and, finally, the increase by 0.18-0.20 pH units. Simultaneously, the synthesizing activity of the cells changed in the same way. The ATP level changed in the opposite way: increased when pH fell and decreased when pH grew. It was shown that pHi changes were connected with the changes in Na+/H(+)-exchange system, and they seemed to be primary in the chain of the alterations observed.

[The possibility of using the preparation MIGI-K in districts exposed to radioactive contamination following the accident at the Chernobyl AES]. / O vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia preparata MIGI-K v raionakh, podvergshikhsia radioaktivnomu zagriazneniiu posle avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

A preparation from mussels, MIGI-K, used as an additive to the diet of people working at the Chernobyl power plant has proved to be efficient in increasing the total resistance of the body, including the resistance to ionizing radiation. In experiments with animals, MIGI-K has been shown to accelerate excretion of 45Ca and 86Rb from the body. The combination of these properties of MIGI-K permits us to consider it an efficient drug to be used within the regions affected by the Chernobyl disaster.

[The radiobiological characteristics of the P+ variant of Bacillus brevis var. G.--B. in relation to gramicidin S synthesis]. / Radiobiologicheskie osobennosti P+-varianta Bacillus brevis var. G.--B.v sviazi s sintezom gramitsidina S.

The radiosensitivity of P(+) variant Bacillus brevis var. G.-B. cells cultured under condition of normal and inhibited gramicidin S synthesis, antibiotically high-active strain and high radioresistant cells has been studied. It has been shown that the radioresistance of bacterial cells correlates, in general, with their antibiotic activity: the antibiotic superproduced is more radioresistant than P(+) variant, the inhibition of antibiotic synthesis by beta-phenil-beta-alanin rises a little the sensitivity of P(+) variant cells. But the radioresistant fraction of P(+) variant contains the lower antibiotic amount than the whole population. It has been concluded that the radioprotective action of gramicidin S can not be the only reason of the above-mentioned differences in radiosensitivity.

[Various characteristics of lipid metabolism of Bacillus brevis var. G.-B]. / Nekotorye osobennosti lipidnogo obmena Bacillus brevis var. G.-B.

Some characteristic features of the lipid metabolism of Bacillus brevis var. G.-B. natural variants and Bacillus brevis mutant 101 were studied. The authors found that upon submerged cultivation gramicidine S-producing P+-variant and B. brevis mutant 101 synthesized higher amounts of tocopherols as compared to other colonial-morphological variants. The highest tocopherol content was observed in P+-variant, whose cells contained the highest amount of total lipids as compared to other gramicidine S-producers.

[Molecular-cellular mechanisms of the biological action of low x-ray doses on isolated mammalian cells]. / Molekuliarno-kletochnye mekhanizmy biologicheskogo deistviia malykh doz rentgenovskogo izlucheniia na izolirovannye kletki mlekopitaiushchikh.

The colony-formation was stimulated by X-irradiation (0.03-0.30 Gy) of cultured Chinese hamster cells. The stimulation was only noted in the nonadhered cells which was perhaps associated with a change in their adhesive properties. It was shown that low-level radiation induced changes in the structural organization of the cell membrane.

[Effect of ionizing radiation on the membrane potential and electrical input resistance of Chinese hamster fibroblast membranes]. / Vliianie ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na membrannyi potentsial i élektricheskoe vkhodnoe soprotivlenie membran fibroblastov kitaiskogo khomiachka.

X-irradiation with a dose of 8 Gy leads to a sharp decrease in membrane potential of cultured Chinese hamster cells followed by restoration thereof. Changes in the membrane potential are accompanied by a monotonous increase of mean values of input cell resistance. It is assumed that radiation elicits a decrease in the resistance of a plasma membrane and a concurrent increase in the resistance of intercellular gap contacts which lead to impairment of cell interaction.

The effect of low doses of X-ray irradiation on cAMP level in Chinese hamster fibroblasts.

The effect of a stimulating dose of 0.15 Gy on the cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate system has been studied. A rapid change is shown in intracellular level of cAMP and in the response of the system to a beta-adrenoagonist.