ABSTRACT
The dopaminergic neurotoxin N-methyl,4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes a syndrome in primates and humans which mimics Parkinson's disease (PD) in clinical, pathological, and biochemical findings, including diminished activity of complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Reduced complex I activity is found in sporadic PD and can be transferred through mitochondrial DNA, suggesting a mitochondrial genetic etiology. We now show that MPTP treatment of mice and N-methylpyridinium (MPP+) exposure of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells increases oxygen free radical production and antioxidant enzyme activities. Cybrid cells created by transfer of PD mitochondria exhibit similar characteristics; however, PD cybrids' antioxidant enzyme activities are not further increased by MPP+ exposure, as are the activities in control cybrids. PD mitochondrial cybrids are subject to metabolic and oxidative stresses similar to MPTP parkinsonism and provide a model to determine mechanisms of oxidative damage and cell death in PD.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Brain/enzymology , Neurons/metabolism , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Glutathione Reductase/metabolism , Humans , Hybrid Cells , Hydroxyl Radical/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mitochondria/metabolism , Neuroblastoma , Neurons/enzymology , Oxidative Stress , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/enzymology , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Tumor Cells, CulturedSubject(s)
AIDS Vaccines/pharmacology , Attitude to Health , Clinical Trials as Topic/psychology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Patient Participation , Adult , Bisexuality , Cohort Studies , HIV Infections/psychology , Homosexuality, Male , Humans , Male , Sexual Behavior , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence--Revised and the Stanford Binet-Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition were given to 51 preschool, kindergarten, first, and second grade students. Twelve of 15 Pearson correlations between Wechsler IQs and composite and area scores of the Stanford-Binet IV were statistically significant. It is apparent that the two tests measure similar, but not identical, concepts.
