Unsedated transnasal versus conventional oral endoscopy in endoscopy naïve patients.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Unsedated transnasal upper endoscopy (TNE) has been suggested as a more comfortable and safer method than unsedated transoral endoscopy (TOE). However, the numbers of comparative trials are limited. The current study aimed to assess the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of TNE in endoscopy naïve patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The current study was designed as a randomized, prospective, parallel arm trial including all eligible patients referred for upper endoscopy. Patients were randomized with a 1:1 ratio to undergo either unsedated TOE using a standard endoscope or unsedated TNE using an ultrathin endoscope. Postprocedure, all patients were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess pain, discomfort, distress and tolerability using a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). Patients' expectations and future preferences were also determined by multiple choice questions. Endoscope insertion rate, procedure duration, and side-effects were recorded for each patient. RESULTS: Each group included 200 patients. With the exception of nasal pain, mean VAS scores were significantly lower in TNE patients when compared to TOE patients (p = 0.0001). 85% and 54.5% of patients in TNE and TOE groups, respectively, found the procedure better than expected (p = 0001). A repeat procedure was significantly more acceptable for TNE than TOE (82.4% and 60.5%, respectively). Endoscope insertion failed in 3.5% of TNE patients. Mild epistaxis was observed in 4% of TNE patients. CONCLUSION: Unsedated TNE was tolerated better in endoscopy naive patients than unsedated TOE in a large parallel arm trial.

Can radiation-induced chronic oxidative stress in kidney and liver be prevented by dimethylsulfoxide? Biochemical determination by serum and tissue markers.

PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on chronic oxidative stress in the liver, kidney and serum with biochemical parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), catalase, glutathione (GSH), and free-thiols (F-SH). METHODS: Thirty Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: group I (control, n=10), group II (irradiation-alone group, n=10) and group III (DMSO and irradiation group, n=10). Rats in groups II and III were irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy to the entire liver and right kidney. Group III received DMSO 4.5 g/kg by intraperitoneal injection 30 min before irradiation. At the end of the 24th week, the rats were sacrificed and their trunk blood, kidney and liver tissues were collected. RESULTS: Group II rats showed increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, with decreased GSH, FSH and catalase levels in all specimens when compared with group I. Serum and kidney MDA and AOPP levels were significantly lower in group III when compared with group II. However, serum and kidney GSH and F-SH levels were significantly higher in group III when compared with group II. The additive effect on catalase was seen only in the serum. CONCLUSION: DMSO is a protective agent on chronic oxidative stress in the serum and kidney tissue. No oxidant or antioxidant effect of DMSO in the liver was seen.

Pre-column (hnu-HPLC) photochemical reaction for the on-line characterization of photoproducts using p-aminobenzoic acid as a model substance.

A special photochemical reactor on the basis of high-pressure resistant reaction coils has been constructed, which can be coupled to an HPLC-system before the separation column. By means of the so-called "on-line pre-column (hv-HPLC)"-method, the starting compounds can be irradiated on-line, the conversion products formed can be separated and detected subsequently. The efficiency of the proposed method was proved by using p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a model substance.

[Effect of Begg technique therapy in cases with excess overbite]. / Artmis overbite gösteren vakalarda Begg tedavi mekaniginin etkileri.

In this study, the effect of Begg technique therapy was investigated in cases with excess overbite. The sample consisted of 20 cephalometric films of 10 individuals who passed their active growth period. 20 parameters were measured on every lateral cephalometric film. Differences according to treatment were compared by paired t-test. As a result, the elimination of overbite seemed to be related to dentoalveolar factors.

[Evaluation of facial profile changes in individuals with skeletal Class II anomaly treated with activator and activator + occipital headgear]. / Aktivatör ve aktivatör + oksipital headgear ile tedavi edilen iskeletsel Klas II anomalili vakalarda yüz profilinde görülen degisiklikler.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes occurring in facial profile in individuals treated with activator and activator + occipital headgear. Our study is based on two treatment groups namely activator and activator + occipital headgear and one control group which received no orthodontic treatment. In each group there were 18 individuals of which 108 lateral cephalometric films were obtained reflecting before and after treatment/control periods. In this research 18 measurements were made. According to the results, it is found out that there exists difference in treatment groups in terms of the movement of lips related to Steiner soft tissue line.