ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This investigation determines the nutritional state of serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration and their relation with intake of folate, B6 ,and B12 , with serum vitamin B12 , and with genetic variants after provision of 400 µg/day of folic acid for 3 months to a group of 34 Colombian women of reproductive age. METHODS: We evaluated nutrient intake using 24-hr recall, assessing the levels of serum folate, RBC folate, serum B12 , and homocysteine, as well as determining genetic variants of the enzyme MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) and CßS (844ins68pb). RESULTS: The results show that following intake of 400 µg/day of folic acid, the risk of folate deficiency as seen in regular dietary intake disappears and the nutritional status of this nutrient is increased (p < 0.001). With respect to vitamin B12, the risk of serum deficiency with folic acid consumption increased slightly, and those that were found to be B12 deficient after supplementation also had decreased levels of serum homocysteine. Genetic factors did not influence the nutritional status of folate, although an association was found between the intake of nutrients and biochemical indicators. CONCLUSION: Given the results of our study, subsequent studies evaluating folic acid supplementation should also consider evaluating the status of B12 and B6 , and serum and RBC folate, as they participate interdependently in the cycle of folate and methionine and in homocysteine metabolism.Birth Defects Research 109:564-573, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subject(s)
Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Folic Acid/blood , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/blood , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/diet therapy , Adult , Age Factors , Dietary Supplements , Female , Folic Acid Deficiency/blood , Humans , Reproduction/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Introduction : Obesity results from interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of three gene variants and environmental factors on obesity and overweight in young people aged 10 to 18 years in a Colombian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 424 subjects were selected and separated into three groups for a cross-sectional study; 100 obese and 112 overweight subjects were matched with 212 normal-weight controls. Associations were evaluated between excess weight and three genetic polymorphisms ( UCP3- rs1800849, FTO -rs17817449, and CAPN10 -rs3842570), as well as the family history, the time spent watching television and playing video games, and the diet. RESULTS: A family history of obesity, the time spent watching television and playing video games, the lack of breastfeeding, a low consumption of cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and a high consumption of fast foods were characteristics typically found in obese individuals compared to controls. A significant association between genotype I/I (SNP19 of CAPN10 ) and excess weight was found even with an active lifestyle. In addition, significant associations between the C/C genotype of the UCP3 gene and the G/G and T/T genotypes of the FTO gene and excess weight were found only in young sedentary individuals. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, inadequate diet and sedentary lifestyle increased the risk of excess weight. Genotype I/I of SNP19 in CAPN10 was significantly associated with excess weight. In contrast, FTO and UCP3 variants exhibited effects only in sedentary environments.
Subject(s)
Calpain/genetics , Gene-Environment Interaction , Overweight/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Adiposity/genetics , Adolescent , Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO , Anthropometry , Calpain/physiology , Child , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Dietary Fiber , Fast Foods/adverse effects , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Ion Channels/genetics , Leisure Activities , Male , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Motor Activity , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/genetics , Overweight/epidemiology , Proteins/genetics , Sedentary Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Television , Uncoupling Protein 3 , Video GamesABSTRACT
Introduction : Obesity results from interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Objective: To evaluate the effect of three gene variants and environmental factors on obesity and overweight in young people aged 10 to 18 years in a Colombian population. Materials and methods: A total of 424 subjects were selected and separated into three groups for a cross-sectional study; 100 obese and 112 overweight subjects were matched with 212 normal-weight controls. Associations were evaluated between excess weight and three genetic polymorphisms ( UCP3- rs1800849, FTO -rs17817449, and CAPN10 -rs3842570), as well as the family history, the time spent watching television and playing video games, and the diet. Results: A family history of obesity, the time spent watching television and playing video games, the lack of breastfeeding, a low consumption of cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and a high consumption of fast foods were characteristics typically found in obese individuals compared to controls. A significant association between genotype I/I (SNP19 of CAPN10 ) and excess weight was found even with an active lifestyle. In addition, significant associations between the C/C genotype of the UCP3 gene and the G/G and T/T genotypes of the FTO gene and excess weight were found only in young sedentary individuals. Conclusions: In this population, inadequate diet and sedentary lifestyle increased the risk of excess weight. Genotype I/I of SNP19 in CAPN10 was significantly associated with excess weight. In contrast, FTO and UCP3 variants exhibited effects only in sedentary environments.
Introducción. La obesidad resulta de la interacción entre factores de riesgo genéticos y ambientales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de tres variantes genéticas y factores ambientales en el exceso de peso en jóvenes de 10 a 18 años de Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal en 424 jóvenes divididos en tres grupos: 100 obesos, 112 jóvenes con sobrepeso, y, pareados con ellos, 212 jóvenes con peso adecuado, que conformaron el grupo de control. Se evaluó la asociación entre tres polimorfismos genéticos ( UCP3 -rs1800849, FTO -rs17817449 y CAPN10 -rs3842570) y el exceso de peso, así como su interacción con antecedentes familiares de enfermedad, el tiempo dedicado a ver televisión y a jugar videojuegos y el consumo de alimentos. Resultados. Los antecedentes familiares de obesidad, la dedicación de más de dos horas al día a ver televisión y jugar videojuegos, la falta de lactancia materna, el bajo consumo de cereales, legumbres, frutas y verduras y el gran consumo de comidas rápidas fueron más frecuentes entre los obesos que en los controles. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el genotipo I/I (SNP19 del CAPN10 ) y el exceso de peso, incluso en los jóvenes que llevaban una vida activa. Además, se encontró una asociación significativa entre los genotipos C/C del UCP3 y G/G y T/T del FTO y el exceso de peso, pero solo en los jóvenes sedentarios. Conclusiones. En esta población, la alimentación inadecuada y el sedentarismo aumentaron el riesgo de exceso de peso. El genotipo I/I de SNP19 del CAPN10 se asoció significativamente con el exceso de peso. Algunas variantes del FTO y el UCP3 mostraron tener efecto solo en jóvenes sedentarios.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Calpain/genetics , Gene-Environment Interaction , Overweight/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Anthropometry , Adiposity/genetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Calpain/physiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Diet , Dietary Fiber , Fast Foods/adverse effects , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Ion Channels/genetics , Leisure Activities , Motor Activity , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/genetics , Overweight/epidemiology , Proteins/genetics , Sedentary Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Television , Video GamesABSTRACT
Objetivos: evaluar el hierro y la transferrina séricos, la capacidad de fijación de hierro de la transferrina y el porcentaje de saturación de la misma, en una submuestra de gestantes del Bajo Cauca antioqueño, y asociar estos indicadores con la antropometría materna y el peso al nacer. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal en 16 mujeres en el tercer trimestre de la gestación; la transferrina sérica se midió por nefelometría, el hierro sérico y la capacidad de fijación de la transferrina por fotocolorimetría; el porcentaje de saturación se calculó con la fórmula estándar. Para la antropometría materna se tuvieron en cuenta el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y la ganancia de peso; se pesó a los recién nacidos en la sala de partos, con un equipo de alta precisión. Resultados: el hierro sérico y el porcentaje de saturación de la transferrina indicaron eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro y anemia, pese a que la hemoglobina estaba por encima de 11,3 g/dL. La concentración de hemoglobina fue menor en las madres con IMC bajo, y el peso al nacer se correlacionó positivamente con este indicador. Conclusión: el hierro sérico y el porcentaje de saturación de la transferrina pueden ser biomarcadores del estado del hierro de más pronta respuesta que la hemoglobina a la deficiencia de este mineral; para mejorar el peso de los neonatos se debe monitorizar el hierro materno y satisfacer las necesidades de este mineral.
Objectives: To evaluate seric iron, transferrin iron binding capacity and its saturation index in a group of pregnant women in Antioquia, northwestern Colombia, and to associate these indicators with maternal anthropometry and neonatal weight. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study of 16 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Seric transferrin was determined by nephelometry, seric iron and transferrin iron binding capacity were measured by photocolorimetry; the saturation index of transferring was calculated by a standard chemical formula. Maternal anthropometry was based on the body mass index (BMI) and total body weight gain; neonatal weight was measured in the delivery room, with a high precision equipment. Results: Seric iron concentration and transferring saturation index indicated iron-deficient erythropoiesis and anemia, even though the average haemoglobin concentration was above 11.3 g/dL. Hemoglobin concentration was lower in mothers with low BMI, and neonatal weight correlated positively with maternal hemoglobin. Conclusion: Seric iron and transferrin saturation index may be biomarkers of the iron status with earlier response than hemoglobin to the deficiency of this mineral. Maternal iron should be monitorized and iron needs satisfied in order to improve the weight of newborns.
