Subject(s)
Nitric Oxide , Piperazines , Purines , Sildenafil Citrate , Sulfones , Vasodilator Agents , Humans , Sildenafil Citrate/administration & dosage , Sildenafil Citrate/therapeutic use , Infant, Newborn , Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage , Administration, Inhalation , Purines/administration & dosage , Purines/therapeutic use , Piperazines/administration & dosage , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Sulfones/administration & dosage , Sulfones/therapeutic use , Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome/drug therapy , Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La miositis orbitaria (MO) es un proceso inflamatorio grave de etiología desconocida que compro mete los músculos extraoculares. La presentación en edad pediátrica es rara y con frecuencia afecta a más de un individuo de una familia, lo que sugiere algún grado de predisposición genética. OBJETIVO: Describir un caso de miositis orbitaria de presentación en edad pediátrica, sus características clínicas, y la utilidad de la imagen por resonancia magnética para la confirmación del diagnóstico. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente femenina de 13 años que presenta cefalea aguda, dolor periorbitario derecho, exacerbado con los movimientos oculares y visión borrosa a quien se le realizaron estudios para miopatía tiroidea, enfermedades infecciosas, autoinmunidad y cáncer que fueron negativos. En la imagen por resonancia magnética se evidenció miositis del músculo recto medio derecho, sin evi dencia de neuritis óptica. Recibió tratamiento con glucocorticoides sistêmicos intravenosos seguido de esteroides orales con mejoría clínica completa. CONCLUSIONES: La MO tiene etiología desconocida, y puede tener un curso maligno. Dada su presentación clínica inespecífica, el estudio diagnóstico diferencial debe ser amplio, y su estudio debe considerar realizar resonanacia magnética. El inicio temprano del tratamiento con esteroides evita el daño permanente de los músculos extraoculares.
INTRODUCTION: Orbital myositis (OM) is a serious inflammation of extraocular muscles with unknown etiology. Pe diatric presentation is rare and often affects more than one individual in a family, suggesting a genetic predisposition. OBJECTIVE: To describe a pediatric case of orbital myositis, its clinical characteristics, and the usefulness of MRI for confirming the diagnosis. CLINICAL CASE: A 13-year-old female patient presenting with acute headache, right periorbital pain, exacerbated by eye movements, and blurred vision. We ruled out thyrotoxic myopathy, infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and malignancy. An MRI showed right medial rectus muscle myositis and no evidence of optic neuritis. She was treated with intravenous systemic glucocorticoids followed by oral steroids with complete clinical resolution. CONCLUSIONS: OM has unknown etiology and can present a malignant course. Due to its unspecific clinical presentation, a comprehensive differential diagnosis should be made and it should consider performing MRI. Early treatment avoids permanent damage of extraocular muscles.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome/etiology , Orbital Myositis/diagnostic imaging , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Orbital Myositis/drug therapy , Oculomotor Muscles/pathologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Orbital myositis (OM) is a serious inflammation of extraocular muscles with unknown etiology. Pe diatric presentation is rare and often affects more than one individual in a family, suggesting a genetic predisposition. OBJECTIVE: To describe a pediatric case of orbital myositis, its clinical characteristics, and the usefulness of MRI for confirming the diagnosis. CLINICAL CASE: A 13-year-old female patient presenting with acute headache, right periorbital pain, exacerbated by eye movements, and blurred vision. We ruled out thyrotoxic myopathy, infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and malignancy. An MRI showed right medial rectus muscle myositis and no evidence of optic neuritis. She was treated with intravenous systemic glucocorticoids followed by oral steroids with complete clinical resolution. CONCLUSIONS: OM has unknown etiology and can present a malignant course. Due to its unspecific clinical presentation, a comprehensive differential diagnosis should be made and it should consider performing MRI. Early treatment avoids permanent damage of extraocular muscles.
Subject(s)
Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Myositis/diagnostic imaging , Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome/etiology , Adolescent , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Oculomotor Muscles/pathology , Orbital Myositis/drug therapy , Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome/drug therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of acute kidney injury in the pediatric population and its associated risk factors are currently not clear. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess the incidence of acute kidney injury in critically ill pediatric patients and to determine its associated risk factors. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients (<14 years old) admitted to a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was classified using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition KDIGO. RESULTS: A total number of 382 patients were assessed: acute kidney injury was found in 11.5% of them (incidence rate 0.99 persons-day). The following parameters analyzed with multivariate regression analysis were associated with acute kidney injury: low platelet count (R = 2.947; 95% CI= 1.276-6.805) and the need of vasopressor support (OR= 4.601; 95% CI= 1.665-12.710). Children with acute kidney injury had an increased length of stay in the hospital and an increased mortality compared with patients with no kidney injury (19 days vs. 5 days and 3.7/person-day vs. 0.32/person-day). CONCLUSIONS: Acute kidney injury is common among critically ill children and it is associated with adverse outcomes, including increased length of stay in the hospital and death. Low platelet count and vasopressor support were independently associated with the development of acute kidney injury in this population.
ANTECEDENTES: La incidencia de la lesión renal aguda en la población pediátrica, al igual que los factores de riesgo asociados a esta complicación, no se conocen con certeza. OBJETIVOS: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la incidencia de lesión renal aguda en la población pediátrica críticamente enferma del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe en el período 2010-2014, e identificar factores de riesgo para su aparición. MÉTODOS: Cohorte retrospectiva en la que se evaluaron los pacientes menores de 14 años, admitidos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y de cuidados intermedios pediátricos. La lesión renal aguda se definió según la clasificación Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, KDIGO. RESULTADOS: En total 382 pacientes fueron evaluados, de los cuales 11,5% presentaron lesión renal aguda (tasa de incidencia 0,99 persona por día). En el análisis de regresión logística multivariada, los valores de plaquetas (Odds ratio: 2,947; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,276-6,805) y el uso de vasopresores (Odds ratio: 4,601; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,665-2,710) fueron identificados como factores de riesgo para lesión renal aguda. La estancia hospitalaria, al igual que la mortalidad en los pacientes con lesión renal aguda, fue significativamente mayor al compararla con el grupo sin esta patología (19 días versus 5 días y 3,7 días-persona versus 0,32 días-persona respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: La lesión renal aguda en los pacientes pediátricos que ingresan a los servicios de cuidados intensivos e intermedios pediátricos, se presenta en un porcentaje significativo. A su vez, esta complicación aumenta la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad. Los valores bajos de plaquetas y el uso de soporte vasopresor, fueron factores de riesgo independientes para el desarrollo de lesión renal aguda.
