ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Internet-delivered treatments for depressive symptoms have proved to be successful in high-income Western countries. There may be potential for implementing such treatments in low- and middle-income countries such as Colombia, where access to mental health services is limited. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a culturally adapted cognitive behavioral internet-delivered treatment for college students with depressive symptoms in Colombia. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up. The program comprised seven modules. A total of 214 Colombian college students were recruited. They were assessed and randomly assigned to either the treatment group (n=107) or a waiting list (WL) control group (n=107). Participants received weekly support from a trained supporter. The primary outcome was symptoms of depression, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9, and the secondary outcomes were anxiety symptoms assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire - 7. Other measures, including satisfaction with treatment, were evaluated after 7 weeks. RESULTS: Research attrition and treatment dropouts were high in this study. On average, 7.6 sessions were completed per user. The mean time spent on the program was 3 hours and 18 min. The linear mixed model (LMM) showed significant effects after treatment (t197.54=-5.189; P<.001) for the treatment group, and these effects were maintained at the 3-month follow-up (t39.62=4.668; P<.001). Within-group results for the treatment group yielded a large effect size post treatment (d=1.44; P<.001), and this was maintained at the 3-month follow-up (d=1.81; P<.001). In addition, the LMM showed significant differences between the groups (t197.54=-5.189; P<.001). The results showed a large effect size between the groups (d=0.91; P<.001). In the treatment group, 76.0% (16/107) achieved a reliable change, compared with 32.0% (17/107) in the WL control group. The difference between groups was statistically significant (X22=10.5; P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first contribution to investigating the potential impact of a culturally adapted internet-delivered treatment on depressive symptoms for college students as compared with a WL control group in South America. Future research should focus on identifying variables associated both with premature dropout and treatment withdrawal at follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03062215; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03062215.
ABSTRACT
Introducción. En los últimos años, los problemas de salud mental durante el período prenatal se han convertido en un tema prioritario para el campo de la salud pública. A los efectos adversos que un estado de salud mental alterado representa para el bienestar de la madre y su descendencia se suma una debilidad de los sistemas de salud para dar respuesta a esta situación. En Colombia son aún inciertas las cifras de prevalencia de cualquier problema de salud mental durante la gestación, lo que dificulta la posibilidad de ofrecer una atención que considere las particularidades del contexto. El objetivo es diseñar un protocolo de tamización de depresión y ansiedad prenatal y factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados dirigido a usuarias del servicio de control prenatal de una institución hospitalaria del oriente colombiano. Metodología. La construcción del protocolo corresponde a un método formal de acuerdo a la clasificación realizada por el Ministerio de Protección Social de Colombia para las Guías de Práctica Clínica, incluye la revisión, síntesis y análisis de literatura sobre la ansiedad y la depresión prenatal (junto con los factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados) así como sobre las estrategias de detección y atención de las mismas. Esta revisión sirvió como base para la elaboración de una versión preliminar del protocolo que fue sometida a una revisión externa para verificar su validez, claridad y aplicabilidad, antes de proceder con el diseño de la versión final. Resultados. En concordancia con lo reportado en la literatura, el protocolo incluye la aplicación de instrumentos para la identificación de síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados, tales como variables sociodemográficas (edad, nivel educativo, ocupación e ingresos económicos), el soporte social percibido y la calidad de la relación de pareja, antecedentes psicológicos y psiquiátricos personales y familiares, factores relacionados con el embarazo como complicaciones o experiencias negativas previas, características de personalidad y vivencia de eventos adversos y estresantes de la vida. Conclusiones. El protocolo da respuesta al vacío de identificación y atención a los problemas de salud mental de las gestantes. Cómo citar. Mojica-Perilla M, Parra-Villa Y, Osma-Zambrano SE. Tamización de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad prenatal y factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados en usuarias del servicio de control prenatal. Reflexiones en torno a la construcción del protocolo. MedUNAB. 2019;22(3):341-355. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2867
Introduction. In recent years, mental health problems during the prenatal period have become a priority in the public health field. The weakness of the healthcare systems' response to this situation adds to the adverse effects that an altered state of mental health can pose for the well-being of the mother and her child. In Colombia, the figures of prevalence of any mental health problem during pregnancy are still unknown, which hinders the possibility of providing care that considers the specific nature of the context. The objective is to design a protocol to screen for depression, prenatal anxiety and related psychosocial risk factors among users of the prenatal control service of a hospital in east Colombia. Methodology. The creation of the protocol consists of a formal method in accordance with the classification carried out by the Colombian Ministry of Social Protection for the Clinical Practice Guidelines. It includes the review, summary and analysis of literature on prenatal depression and anxiety (together with the related psychosocial risk factors), as well as the detection and response strategies for them. This review served as a basis to prepare a preliminary version of the protocol, which was subject to an external review to verify its validity, clarity and suitability, before proceeding with the design of the final version. Results. In accordance with the literature, the protocol includes the application of instruments to identify symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as related psychosocial risk factors, such as sociodemographic variables (age, level of education, occupation and financial income); the perceived social support and quality of the couple relationship; personal and family psychological and psychiatric history; factors related to pregnancy, such as previous complications or negative experiences; personality characteristics; and experience of adverse and stressful life events. Conclusions. The protocol responds to the gap in the identification of and response to mental health problems among pregnant women. Cómo citar. Mojica-Perilla M, Parra-Villa Y, Osma-Zambrano SE. Tamización de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad prenatal y factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados en usuarias del servicio de control prenatal. Reflexiones en torno a la construcción del protocolo. MedUNAB. 2019;22(3):341-355. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2867
Introdução. Nos últimos anos, problemas de saúde mental durante o pré-natal vêm se tornando uma questão prioritária no campo da saúde pública. Somado aos efeitos adversos que um estado alterado de saúde mental representa para o bem-estar da mãe e de seus filhos, encontra-se uma fraqueza dos sistemas de saúde para responder a esta situação. Na Colômbia, as taxas de prevalência de qualquer problema de saúde mental durante a gravidez ainda são incertas, o que dificulta oferecer cuidados que considerem as particularidades do contexto. O objetivo é elaborar um protocolo de triagem para depressão e ansiedade pré-natal e fatores de risco psicossociais associados, direcionado a usuárias do serviço de controle pré-natal de um hospital no leste da Colômbia. Metodologia. A elaboração do protocolo corresponde a um método formal. De acordo com a classificação feita pelo Ministério da Proteção Social da Colômbia para as Diretrizes de Prática Clínica, inclui a revisão, síntese e análise da literatura sobre ansiedade e depressão pré-natal (juntamente com os fatores de risco psicossociais associados), bem como sobre suas estratégias de detecção e atenção. Esta revisão serviu de base para a elaboração de uma versão preliminar do protocolo que foi submetida a uma revisão externa para verificar sua validade, clareza e aplicabilidade, antes de prosseguir com a elaboração da versão final. Resultados. De acordo com o relatado na literatura, o protocolo inclui a aplicação de instrumentos para identificação de sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e fatores de risco psicossociais associados, como variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, escolaridade, ocupação e renda econômica), a identificação de apoio social e a qualidade do relacionamento do casal, antecedentes psicológicos e psiquiátricos pessoais e familiares, fatores relacionados à gravidez, como complicações ou experiências negativas anteriores, características da personalidade e vivência de eventos adversos e estressantes da vida. Conclusões. O protocolo responde à lacuna de identificação e atenção aos problemas de saúde mental de mulheres grávidas. Cómo citar. Mojica-Perilla M, Parra-Villa Y, Osma-Zambrano SE. Tamización de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad prenatal y factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados en usuarias del servicio de control prenatal. Reflexiones en torno a la construcción del protocolo. MedUNAB. 2019;22(3):341-355. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2867
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Anxiety , Mass Screening , Psychosocial Impact , DepressionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Depression is the principal cause of disability in the world. High prevalence rates of depression in general populations and college students have been found worldwide and in various cultural groups. Low-intensity cognitive behavioural internet-delivered treatment has demonstrated efficacy in high-income-countries (HICs). However little is known of their potential for adaptation and efficacy in low and middle-income countries. METHODS: Study (1) involves the cultural adaptation of the Space from Depression cognitive-behaviour internet-delivered programme with an asynchronous support for depressive symptoms. This includes initial researcher/clinician adaptation and the integration of cultural assessment feedback of the programme by a panel of experts and users through the theoretically-based Cultural Relevance Questionnaire (CRQ). Study (2) describes the implementation of the culturally adapted intervention using a randomised controlled trial methodology. The efficacy trial will include an active treatment group and a waiting-list control group of participants meeting eligibility criteria (mild to moderate depression symptoms). The active condition will consist of 7 weekly modules of internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) Space from Depression, with post-session feedback support. The primary outcome will be the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The study also involves collection of client reported significant events and client satisfaction with the internet-delivered treatment. Data will be collected at baseline and at post-treatment (week 7), and at follow-up (week 20/3 months). Analysis will be conducted on the intention-to-treat basis. DISCUSSION: The study seeks to establish a theoretically robust methodology for culturally adapting internet-delivered interventions for mental health disorders and to evaluate the efficacy of a culturally adapted internet-delivered treatment for depression in Colombia, with support. The study will be a first contribution to a method for culturally adapting internet-delivered interventions and also a first to examine the efficacy of such an adapted intervention in Latin America. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials NCT03062215. Retrospectively registered 14th February 2017.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Cultural Characteristics , Depression/ethnology , Depression/therapy , Internet , Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods , Adult , Colombia/ethnology , Depression/psychology , Female , Humans , Internet/statistics & numerical data , Male , Patient Satisfaction/ethnology , Students/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome , Waiting ListsABSTRACT
La presente investigación propuso describir la Representación Social (RS) que sobre el psicólogo en el área de la salud tienen los profesionales-docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Magdalena. El diseño fue de tipo cualitativo, desde la perspectiva de la etnometodología, que permitió comprender la naturaleza y el proceso de construcción de la Representación Social. Las técnicas para la recolección de la información fueron el grupo focal y la entrevista semi-estructurada. La muestra estuvo conformada por 16 profesionales-docentes del área de salud y el número de sujetos fue determinado a partir del "criterio de saturación de la muestra". La descripción de la información y los elementos actitudinales, enmarcados dentro de una estructura, permitieron identificar como los elementos principales de la representación del psicólogo a la Orientación y el Apoyo.
The present investigation was to describe the Social Representation (RS) that the psychologist in the area of health is professionals -teachers of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Magdalena. The design was qualitative, from the perspective of ethnomethodology, which allowed us to understand the nature and process of construction of the Social Representation. Techniques fordata collection were focus group and semi-structured interview. Thesample consisted of 16 professionals - teachers in the health area and the number of subjects was determined from the "criterion of saturation of the sample." The description of the information and attitudinal elements, framed within a structure as possible to identify the main elements of the representation of the psychologist in the Guidance and Support.
ABSTRACT
El presente artículo, producto de una investigación de diseño cualitativo que utilizó como técnica el dibujo, describe el contenido y analiza la estructura y organización de la representación social del conflicto armado colombiano en niños(as) entre 7 y 10 años, pertenecientes a una escuela adscrita a la Policía Nacional. Los resultados muestran que este hecho social se organiza en la mente de los niños(as) en torno a las escenas de enfrentamiento y ataque, las cuales tienen principalmente como contexto el espacio rural, a cuyo alrededor surgen con fuerza alusiones a los actores. La población civil es reconocida como víctima directa, la Policía como benefactores y buenos, y la guerrilla como mala. Policía y guerrilla son representados principalmente por la figura masculina. Imágenes recurrentes de armas y muerte suscitan la percepción del conflicto como malo, a la vez que originan en los niños(as) sentimientos de malestar y tristeza.
This article is the product of a qualitative researched design that used drawing as technique, describes the content and analyzes the structure and organization of the social representation of the colombian armed conflict in children between 7 and 10 year, which studying in a school belonging to the National Police. The results show that this social fact is organized in the minds of children about the scenes of confrontation and attack, which are happens principally on rural context. Emerge strong allusions to actors, civilian populations are recognized as a direct victim, Police as the good part and the guerrilla as the bad guys. Police and Guerrillas are represented mainly by the male figure. Recurring images of weapons and death raises the perception of conflict as bad, while that originate in children feelings of discomfort and sadness.
