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1.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 32(3): 195-228, oct. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-197929

ABSTRACT

La prevalencia de EPOC en España es elevada. En el futuro, debido al aumento del tabaquismo y al cambio en la pirámide de edad, se prevé un mayor aumento en la incidencia y en la prevalencia, siendo necesaria la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias y herramientas encaminadas a evitar o disminuir las agudizaciones. En este sentido, un programa de intervención telemática coordinado y dirigido desde el servicio de neumología del hospital a los pacientes con EPOC y fenotipo Agudizador, así como fenotipo mixto con características de reingresadores, podría disminuir los ingresos hospitalarios de estos pacientes y ser asimismo un programa coste-efectivo. El objetivo principal de este artículo fue recoger de forma exhaustiva y ampliada todo lo concerniente al diseño metodológico utilizado en el ensayo clínico denominado CRONEX 3.0 no publicado y que aborda el impacto de la telemedicina en la tasa de reingresos por EPOC y su análisis de coste-efectividad


The prevalence of COPD in Spain is high. In the future, due to the increase in tobacco use and the change in the age pyramid, a greater increase in the incidence and prevalence is expected, making it necessary to find new strategies and tools aimed at avoiding or decreasing exacerbations. In this sense, a coordinated telematic intervention program managed by the pulmonology department at the hospital directed towards patients with exacerbator and mixed-phenotype COPD with characteristics of requiring repeat hospitalizations could decrease hospitalizations in these patients and be a cost-effective program at the same time. The main aim of this article is to comprehensively and broadly include everything not yet published regarding the methodological design used in the clinical trial CRONEX 3.0 and which addresses the impact of telemedicine on the rate of rehospitalizations due to COPD and its cost-effectiveness analysis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Telemedicine/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/economics , Hospitalization/economics , Patient Readmission , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics
2.
Environ Health Insights ; 3: 37-51, 2009 06 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20508756

ABSTRACT

In response to the human health threats stemming from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, inter-disciplinary working groups representing P30-funded Centers of the National Institute Environmental Health Sciences were created to assess threats posed by mold, harmful alga blooms, chemical toxicants, and various infectious agents at selected sites throughout the hurricane impact zone. Because of proximity to impacted areas, UTMB NIEHS Center in Environmental Toxicology was charged with coordinating direct community outreach efforts, primarily in south Louisiana. In early October 2005, UTMB/NIEHS Center Community Outreach and Education Core, in collaboration with outreach counterparts at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center @ Smithville TX/Center for Research in Environmental Disease sent two groups into southern Louisiana. One group used Lafourche Parish as a base to deliver humanitarian aid and assess local needs for additional supplies during local recovery/reclamation. A second group, ranging through New Iberia, New Orleans, Chalmette, rural Terrebonne, Lafourche and Jefferson Parishes and Baton Rouge met with community environmental leaders, emergency personnel and local citizens to 1) sample public risk perceptions, 2) evaluate the scope and reach of ongoing risk communication efforts, and 3) determine how the NIEHS could best collaborate with local groups in environmental health research and local capacity building efforts. This scoping survey identified specific information gaps limiting efficacy of risk communication, produced a community "wish list" of potential collaborative research projects. The project provided useful heuristics for disaster response and management planning and a platform for future collaborative efforts in environmental health assessment and risk communication with local advocacy groups in south Terrebonne-Lafourche parishes.

3.
Pediátrika (Madr.) ; 24(4): 156-165, abr. 2004. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-31525

ABSTRACT

La vacunación es un método fundamental para la prevención de enfermedades transmisibles. En la literatura científica existe abundante bibliografía sobre reacciones adversas vacunales. Sin embargo, la información disponible está más relacionada con la reactogenicidad propia de cada antígeno vacunal que con la forma de administración del mismo. Está demostrada la conveniencia de elegir el lugar de punción, la vía de administración y la aguja adecuada (longitud y calibre) para cada paciente, dependiendo del tipo de vacuna, volumen a inyectar, edad y masa muscular. Las vías de administración de las vacunas son: oral, intramuscular, subcutánea e intradérmica. Los efectos adversos más frecuente son los eventos locales habituales (dolor, induración, nódulos) y los eventos sistémicos habituales (fiebre, erupciones cutáneas, adenopatías).Distintos estudios demuestran una disminución de la incidencia de reacciones adversas locales, fundamentalmente en niños, si se administra la vacuna con aguja de mayor longitud; sin embargo, no comparan la incidencia de reacciones sistémicas. Recomiendan la utilización de agujas de 25 mm y la elección de los músculos vasto externo para lactantes y deltoides para niños. La administración de vacunas y el tratamiento de las distintas reacciones deben estar protocolizados. Los profesionales tienen que conocerlos y acceder fácilmente a ellos (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Infant , Child , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Vaccination/methods , Vaccines/adverse effects , Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccination/standards , Vaccination/instrumentation , Vaccines
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