Prevalence of hypomineralized second primary molars and association with socioeconomic characteristics and dental caries in a Brazilian population of preschoolers: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) and its association with socioeconomic characteristics and dental caries in a Brazilian population of preschoolers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 603 preschoolers, enrolled in public preschools in Itajaí (state of Santa Catarina, Brazil), took part in the study. To assess the participants' socio-economic characteristics, an original questionnaire was formulated and sent to the children's parents. The clinical evaluation was carried out by a calibrated examiner using the deft/DMFT index for dental caries and Ghanim et al. (Ghanim et al., Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2015) criteria for HSPM. The data were analyzed through Poisson regression, using STATA statistical software, and the association analyses were presented by prevalence ratios (PR). RESULTS: The prevalence of at least one HSPM-affected second molar was 24.5%. The prevalence of HSPM was associated to the city's geographical regions of the Educational hubs (p < 0.001). A significant association was found between dental caries and HSPM (p = 0.003; PR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.09-1.56). Children with HSPM were 31% more likely to experience dental caries than children without HSPM. Geographical regions of educational hubs were also significantly associated with HSPM (p < 0.001). None of the socioeconomic characteristics was associated with HSPM (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: HSPM is a common developmental defect of enamel in children in our study. The HSPM distribution was associated with the city's geographic regions. Children with HSPM are more likely to experience dental caries. Socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with HSPM.

Investigation of the immediate pre-operative physical capacity of patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery using the 6-minute walk test.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of repetition of the 6-minute walk test in patients scheduled to undergo abdominal surgery within the next 48 hours, and to verify the physical capacity of these subjects before surgery. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery within the next 48 hours. OUTCOME MEASURES: Distance walked in the 6-minute walk test, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, dyspnoea and leg fatigue. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (74%) were able to walk for a longer distance when the test was repeated. In these subjects, the mean increase in distance walked was 35.4 [standard deviation (SD) 19.9]m. Heart rate, dyspnoea and leg fatigue increased significantly over time on both tests (P<0.05). The mean heart rate at the end of the sixth minute was significantly higher on the second test (P=0.022). Peripheral oxygen saturation remained above 90% in both tests. The furthest distance walked was, on average, 461.3 (SD 89.7)m. This value was significantly lower than that predicted for the sample (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients scheduled to undergo abdominal surgery were able to walk further when they performed a second 6-minute walk test. Moreover, they showed reduced physical ability before surgery. These findings suggest that repetition of the 6-minute walk test may increase the accuracy of the distance walked, which is useful for studies assessing the physical capacity of patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Nandrolone inhibits VEGF mRNA in rat muscle.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key compound for induction of angiogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) administration on VEGF mRNA expression in the rat soleus muscle after jumping training. Wistar rats were grouped into: sedentary (S); nandrolone decanoate-treated sedentary (AAS); trained without AAS (T) and trained and treated with AAS (AAST). Exercised groups performed a 7-weeks water-jumping program. Animals killed immediately after the last exercise bout showed significantly increased VEGF mRNA expression; however, the AAS treatment completely inhibited this effect. These results suggest that the AAS may be strongly prejudicial to muscle remodeling and performance at least partially due to an impaired angiogenesis.

MMP-2, jumping exercise and nandrolone in skeletal muscle.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial to the development and maintenance of healthy tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate MMP-2 activity in gastrocnemius, soleus, extensor digitorium longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles after exercise associated with an anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS). Wistar rats were grouped into: sedentary (S); sedentary with AAS (AAS); trained without (T) and with (AAST) AAS. Exercised groups performed a 7-week water-jumping program. The exercise increased MMP-2 activity in gastrocnemius and soleus, but not in TA and EDL. The AAS treatment decreased MMP-2 activity of EDL, as compared to the S group, with no effect in gastrocnemius and soleus. The association of AAS and training restored the normal MMP activity of EDL. Training increases tissue turnover in primary motor muscles, which in turn respond differently to AAS treatment. This data may be useful for a better understanding of muscular physiology under AAS use.

Variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca em diferentes faixas etárias / Heart rate variability in different age groups

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (VFC) de 40 voluntários saudáveis, com diferentes faixas etárias, divididos em 4 grupos iguais, com as seguintes características: a) grupo 1 com idade entre 20 e 30 anos (média ± dp = 23±2,8 anos); b) grupo 2, entre 31 e 40 anos (34,7±2,1 anos); c) grupo 3, entre 41 e 50 anos (46,4±3,4 anos); d) grupo 4, entre 51 a 60 anos (54,9±2,0 anos). MÉTODO: foi utilizada como ferramenta de investigação a análise da VFC feita nos domínios do tempo (DT) e da freqüência (DF), em 2 situações: 1) na condição de repouso (REP) controlado; 2) durante a manobra postural ativa (MPA). RESULTADOS: Na condição REP houve menor VFC, tanto no DT como no DF, apresentada pelo grupo 51-60 anos, com relação aos demais grupos. Durante a MPA, a comparação entre a VFC nas posições supina e bípede, intragrupos, mostrou progressiva redução na magnitude das respostas simpática e parassimpática, de acordo com o aumento da idade das pessoas estudadas. A análise dos deltas de freqüência cardíaca (FC) 0-10s (D 0-10s) das mudanças de posições supina para bípede, também mostrou redução proporcional à maior faixa etária dos grupos estudados, com médias de +42, +35, +30, +25bpm, respectivamente para os grupos 20-30, 31-40, 41-50 e 51-60 anos. CONCLUSÃO: concluiu-se que a análise da VFC, seja na condição de repouso, seja durante a MPA, é uma importante ferramenta de investigação da função autonômica cardíaca relacionada ao aumento da idade de seres humanos.

OBJECTIVE: To study the heart rate variability (HRV) of 40 healthy volunteers of different ages, divided into four equal groups, with the following characteristics: a) group 1, 20 to 30 years old (mean ± standard deviation = 23.0 ± 2.8 years); b) group 2, 31 to 40 years old (34.7 ± 2.1 years); c) group 3, 41 to 50 years old (46.4 ± 3.4 years); and group 4, 51 to 60 years old (54.9 ± 2.0 years). METHOD: The investigation tool was HRV in the time (TD) and frequency (FD) domains, in two situations: 1) under controlled resting conditions (CRC); 2) during active postural maneuvers (APM). RESULTS: Under CRC, the HRV in TD and FD was lower in the 51-60 age group than in the 20-30, 31-40 and 41-50 groups. During APM, comparison between the supine and biped positions within the groups showed that there was a progressive reduction in the magnitude of sympathetic and parasympathetic responses as subject ages increased. Analysis of 0-10s heart rate delta (D 0-10s) for changing from the supine to the biped position also showed progressive reduction with aging: means of +42 bpm, +35 bpm, +30 bpm and +25 bpm, respectively for the 20-30, 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 age groups. CONCLUSION: HRV analysis, both under CRC and during APM, is an important tool for investigating cardiac autonomic function in relation to human aging.

Heart rate variability in athletes and nonathletes at rest and during head-up tilt.

The purpose of the present study was to determine if autonomic heart rate modulation, indicated by heart rate variability (HRV), differs during supine rest and head-up tilt (HUT) when sedentary and endurance-trained cyclists are compared. Eleven sedentary young men (S) and 10 trained cyclists (C) were studied. The volunteers were submitted to a dynamic ECG Holter to calculate HRV at rest and during a 70 masculine HUT. The major aerobic capacity of athletes was expressed by higher values of VO2 at anaerobic threshold and peak conditions (P < 0.05). At rest the athletes had lower heart rates (P < 0.05) and higher values in the time domain of HRV compared with controls (SD of normal RR interval, SDNN, medians): 59.1 ms (S) vs 89.9 ms (C), P < 0.05. During tilt athletes also had higher values in the time domain of HRV compared with controls (SDNN, medians): 55.7 ms (S) vs 69.7 ms (C), P < 0.05. No differences in power spectral components of HRV at rest or during HUT were detected between groups. Based on the analysis of data by the frequency domain method, we conclude that in athletes the resting bradycardia seems to be much more related to changes in intrinsic mechanisms than to modifications in autonomic control. Also, HUT caused comparable changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the sinus node in both groups.

Heart rate variability in athletes and nonathletes at rest and during head-up tilt

The purpose of the present study was to determine if autonomic heart rate modulation, indicated by heart rate variability (HRV), differs during supine rest and head-up tilt (HUT) when sedentary and endurance-trained cyclists are compared. Eleven sedentary young men (S) and 10 trained cyclists (C) were studied. The volunteers were submitted to a dynamic ECG Holter to calculate HRV at rest and during a 70° HUT. The major aerobic capacity of athletes was expressed by higher values of VO2 at anaerobic threshold and peak conditions (P < 0.05). At rest the athletes had lower heart rates (P < 0.05) and higher values in the time domain of HRV compared with controls (SD of normal RR interval, SDNN, medians): 59.1 ms (S) vs 89.9 ms (C), P < 0.05. During tilt athletes also had higher values in the time domain of HRV compared with controls (SDNN, medians): 55.7 ms (S) vs 69.7 ms (C), P < 0.05. No differences in power spectral components of HRV at rest or during HUT were detected between groups. Based on the analysis of data by the frequency domain method, we conclude that in athletes the resting bradycardia seems to be much more related to changes in intrinsic mechanisms than to modifications in autonomic control. Also, HUT caused comparable changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the sinus node in both groups.

Avaliacao cardiorrespiratoria de esforco e programa de recondicionamento aerobico em cicloergometro para pacientes com doenca pulmonar obstrutiva cronica / Cardiorespiraty dynamic evaluation and reconditioning aerobic program on cycloergometer for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)

Dentre as varias etapas do tratamento nas quais o pneumota obstrutivo esta sob os cuidados do fisioterapeuta, ha um momento em que as condicoes clinicas permitem que os procedimentos sejam direcionados a introducao do paciente a pratica de atividades fisicas dinamicas, representadas pela execucao de exercicios aerobicos. Objetivando expor o paciente a essa nova condicao funcional, cujo gasto energetico e mais elevado do que em todas as etapas anteriores de seu tratamento, torna-se necessaria sua avaliacao cardiorespiratoria dinamica, para a correta prescricao de sua carga de trabalho em programas de recondicionamento aerobico. Muitos sao os metodos de avaliacao e os programas de treinamento aerobico encontrados na literatura, mas poucos se adaptam a condicao da grande maioria dos servicos em que o profissional fisioterapeuta se encontra engajado no Brasil. Nossa intencao com o presente trabalho foi apresentar um metodo confiavel e simples, realizado em cicloergometro, que possa fazer parte do dia-a-dia da avaliacao e do tratamento dos pacientes com doenca pulmonar obstrutiva cronica

Alteration of A549 carcinoma cell protein synthesis profile induced by lung cancer patient serum.

Several elements such as circulating DNA and metastatic cells, containing the same primary tumor mutations, oncogenic proteins, cytokines, and other tumor related not yet identified factors, can be found in the blood stream of cancer patients. In this study we have shown that serum factors presented in lung cancer patients can modify the protein profile of the lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). This alteration in cellular protein profile can be an important event in the cell phenotype modification necessary for the advance of the disease. There have been no similar studies regarding cancer cell protein synthesis induction by human cancer serum.

Identification of a gene encoding a human oxysterol-binding protein-homologue: a potential general molecular marker for blood dissemination of solid tumors.

This study describes a new potential role in human cancer for a gene, HLM, isolated by differential display, that bears homology to an oxysterol-binding protein. A significant association between increased expression of HLM with metastatic disease was found. HLM mRNA levels were increased in circulating tumor cells in patients' peripheral blood and in primary human epithelial cells expressing the human papillomavirus16 E6 and E7 proteins. HLM mRNA was not detected in most normal human tissues, including peripheral blood and lymph node. These findings indicate that HLM may function as a potential marker for tumor dissemination.

In vitro interaction of serum protein with circulating DNA of lung cancer patient.

Circulating DNA and oncoproteins can be extracted from serum or plasma of cancer patients. In this study, using gel retardation analysis we observed circulating DNA obtained from plasma of a lung cancer patient complexed with serum proteins. p53 was identified by immunoblotting as one of the proteins present in the complex. Our finding suggests that the same interaction observed between p53 and DNA in intact cells occurs in serum of lung cancer patient. As far as we know this is the first evidence for such finding.

Laparoscopia prévia à salpingostomia: validade no planejamento pré-operatório / Laparoscopy previous to salpingostomy: validity in preoperative planning

Analisamos 53 casos de clientes matriculados no Setor de Esterilidade do Instituto de Ginecologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro submetidas a salpingostomia, sob técnica microcirúrgica, no período de maio de 1981 a maio de 1990. Os dados relativos aos laudos laparoscópicos foram comparados aos achados no inventário pélvico durante o ato laparotômico, tomados como padrao. A laparoscopia, como simples método de observaçao, mostrou-se concordante em 52 por cento e discordante em 48 por cento. As discordâncias foram devido a erro de interpretaçao (40 por cento), limitaçao instrumental do método (44 por cento), manipulaçao das tubas na laparotomia, com lise de aderências previamente à salpingostomia, alterando os achados do nível das obstruçoes (l6 por cento). Os procedimentos endoscópicos pré-operatórios possibilitarao selecionar melhor os casos cirúrgicos, contra-indicando operaçoes quando a fertilizaçao assistida oferecer maior oportunidade de gravidez. No momento, como método de observaçao, é insubstituível na propedêutica das obstruçoes tubárias distais.

Aspectos histopatológicos e imunopatológicos do colo uterino antes e após eletrocauterizaçäo / Histopathologic and immunopathologic aspects of uterine cervix before and after electrocauterization

Foram pesquisadas 41 pacientes, atendidas no ambulatório de Ginecologia do Departamento Materno-Infantil da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, no período de abril a agosto de 1990, para estabelecimento do padrao imunológico do colo uterino citológica e colposcopicamente normal, antes e após eletrocauterizaçao, através da análise de densidade e localizaçao das células de Langerhans, evidenciadas por método imunoquímico, contracorado pela hematoxilina-eosina, tendo sido detectada uma reduçao estatisticamente significativa da densidade entre as fases pré e pós cauterizaçao.

Hipoglicemia associada a tumor extrapancreático / Hypoglycemya associated with extra-pancreatic tumor

Os autores descrevem o caso de uma mulher de 51 anos, portadora de massa torácica extrapulmonar, que apresentou episódios de hipoglicemia sintomática dejejum. Esse quadro reverteu após a retirada cirúrgica de um mesotelioma pleural benigno, que pesava 1.800g. Sao discutidos os mecanismos de hipoglicemia tumoral extrapancreática em face de níveis indetectáveis de insulina, como em nosso caso.

Determinaçäo da idade da menarca em relaçäo ao estado nutricional, em escolares de estabelecimentos municipais, estaduais e particulares, da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas, RS / Determination of menarche's age related to nutritional conditions, in students of municipal, statewide and private institutions, of urban region of city of Pelotas, RS

Foram estudadas 167 meninas entre oito e 14 anos de idade que já tinham tido a menarca. A mediana da idade da menarca, no grupo, foi de 12 anos. A menarca foi mais precoce nas meninas bem nutridas: 10,7 anos para as obesas e dez anos para as altas. A desnutriçao retardou a menarca, 12,3 anos em relaçao ao peso e 12,7 em relaçao à altura.

Determinaçäo da idade da menarca e do desenvolvimento dos caracteres sexuais secundários, em escolares de seis a 14 anos / Determination of menarche and development of the secondary characters age, in six to 14 year old school-girls

O presente estudo avaliou l0l8 escolares, entre seis e l4 anos de idade. Na amostra estudada, os caracteres sexuais secundários surgiram entre sete e 13 anos de idade. A idade mediana da telarca foi de 10,2 anos e a pubarca, 10,9 anos. O estágio adulto para mamas e pêlos pubianos foi encontrado a partir dos ll anos, sendo a mediana da idade deste estágio, 13,7 anos. A menarca praticamente aconteceu a partir dos dez anos (4,1 por cento) e a mediana da idade foi de 12 anos.

Determinaçäo de medidas antropométricas (peso, altura e envergadura) em relaçäo ao desenvolvimento sexual em escolares de seis a 14 anos / Anthropometric measure determination (weight and height) related to sexual development in six to 14 years old school-girls

Foram estudadas 1018 escolares, entre seis e 14 anos de idade, relacionando-se o desenvolvimento sexual com o peso, a altura e a envergadura. Encontrou-se o maior ganho de peso e altura no grupo de ll a l1,9 anos. A média da idade no início do desenvolvimento mamário foi de 122 meses, ou 10,2 anos; a média de peso e altura foi de 34kg e l38cm, respectivamente. Para o desenvolvimento dos pêlos pubianos, a médía da idade foi de 131 meses, ou 10,9 anos, peso e 36,1 kg de altura de 141,5cm. A média de idade da menarca foi de 144,7 meses (DP=15,14), ou 12 anos, com peso de 45,83kg, altura de 152,95cm e envergadura de 155,5lcm.

Prolapso genital como sintoma principal de síndrome marfanóide: apresentaçäo de caso / Genital prolapse as main sympton of Marfan's syndrome: a case report

The authors present a case of patient with complaints of genital prolapse, also presenting some phenotypical characteristics that led to the diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome. Etiology, pathogeny, prevalence, diagnosis and medical behaviour on suchcases are discussed by the authors, since the syndrome, at its complete picture may lead to death. The importance of the multidisciplinary attention and the genetic counselling is outlined.