Non-adherence to Haemodialysis, Interdialytic weight gain and cardiovascular mortality: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) on haemodialysis (HD) have high morbidity and mortality rates, which are also due to the inherent risks associated with nephropathy. Non-adherence (NA) to the different demands of the treatment can have consequences for the outcome of patients undergoing HD; nevertheless, there are still doubts about such repercussions. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between NA to conventional HD and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated mortality in a 6-year period in a cohort of 255 patients on HD in northeast Brazil. The evaluated parameters of NA to HD were interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) ≥ 4% of dry weight (DW), hyperphosphatemia and regular attendance at treatment, assessed as the correlation between the periods on HD completed and those prescribed. We used the Cox multivariate regression model to analyse survival and the predictors of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS: With a median follow-up period of 1493 days and a mortality rate of 9.1 per 100 people-years, there were 87 deaths, of which 54% were cardiovascular deaths. IDWG ≥4% of DW was associated with a risk of all-cause mortality however presenting a borderline outcome for cardiovascular mortality, with hazard ratios of 2.02 (CI 95% 1.17-3.49, p = 0.012) and 2.09 (CI 95% 1.01-4.35, p = 0.047), respectively. No significant association was found between other parameters of NA and mortality. Subgroup analysis showed that for patients with IDWG ≥4% of DW, malnutrition, age and diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were associated with higher all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: IDWG ≥4% of DW was identified as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and demonstrated a borderline outcome for cardiovascular mortality in patients on conventional HD. The occurrence of excessive IDWG in the presence of malnutrition represented a significant increase in the risk of death, indicating a subgroup of patients with a worse prognosis.

Bacteriemia por Chryseobacterium indologenes em diabético em hemodiálise ambulatorial / Bacteremia by Chryseobacterium indologenes in a diabetic patient undergoing ambulatory hemodialysis

Chryseobacterium indologenes é uma bactéria de baixa virulência, encontrada no meio ambiente, raramente associada às infecções não hospitalares. A maioria das infecções causadas por ela associa-se ao uso de dispositivos invasivos durante a permanência em hospital. O presente relato trata de paciente renal crônico, diabético, apresentando episódios de bacteriemia durante sessões de hemodiálise ambulatorial por meio de cateter permcath.

Chryseobacterium indologenes is a low-virulent bacterium found in the environment, which is rarely associated with non-nosocomial infections. Most infections caused by this pathogen are associated with the use of invasive devices in hospitalized patients. This study reports the case of a diabetic patient with chronic renal disease presenting episodes of bacteremia undergoing ambulatory hemodialysis with permcath catheter.

Índice de volume do átrio esquerdo é um preditor independente de morte por causa cardiovascular no primeiro ano de tratamento com hemodiálise / Left atrial volume index is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the first year of hemodialysis

Introdução: O índice de volume do átrio esquerdo (IVAE) é um preditor independente para eventos cardiovasculares (CV), em pacientes que fazem hemodiálise (HD), há mais de 01 ano. Entretanto, a mortalidade desses pacientes é maior no primeiro ano de tratamento com HD. Objetivo: Avaliar o valor prognóstico do IVAE, como preditor de morte por causa CV, nos pacientes com IRC, dentro do primeiro ano de tratamento com HD. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo e observacional, incluindo pacientes com IRC e indicação imediata para iniciar tratamento do HD. Os participantes foram acompanhados durante 01 ano: 03 sessões de hemodiálise por semana, com 04 horas/sessão. Todos realizaram um ecocardiograma, até 24 horas após a primeira sessão de hemodiálise. Resultados: Foram incluídos 50 pacientes com média de 55 anos (18-94), sendo 30 (60%) homens. Houve 09 (18%) mortes por causa CV. O IVAE, antes de começar HD, era 38,2 +- 10,2ml/m2, sendo 47,7 +- 6,2ml/m2 nos pacientes que morreram por causa CV e 36,2 +- 9,8ml/m2, naqueles sem o desfecho preconizado (p valor=0,002). A curva ROC mostrou IVAE=37,5ml/m2, como o melhor ponto de corte para predição de morte CV (área abaixo da curva=0,85). Não houve morte por causa CV entre os 26 participantes que apresentavam IVAE<37,5ml/m2 antes de iniciar HD. Dos 24 pacientes com IVAE...

Valor Prognóstico da relação E/E' em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em início de hemodiálise / Prognostic value of E/E' ratio in patients with chronic kidney disease beginning hemodialysis

Fundamentos e objetivos: Doença cardiovascular é a principal causa de morte de pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC). Embora a taxa de mortalidade seja muito alta, não são todos os pacientes que morrem durante o período de acompanhamento. Variáveis do Doppler Tecidual parecem sofrer pouca influência das variáveis de precarga, observadas nos pacientes que fazem hemodiálise. A relação E/E' é capaz de predizer pressão capilar pulmonar e surge como preditor independentemente de morte em algumas situações clínicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a relação E/E' seria preditora de morte nos pacientes com IRC, em fase inicial de tratamento com hemodiálise (HD). Métodos: Foram estudados 50 pacientes com IRC, em uremia e com indicação imediata...

Performance of PSA and of PSA density in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the prostate volume and PSA density on the performance of total PSA to diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Methods: We analyzed 217 patients(PSA 0-10ng/ml) submitted to transrectal sextant prostate biopsy. Criteria for biopsy indication was PSA >2ng/ml and/or digital rectal exam suspicious of prostate cancer. Results: Fifty five patients had prostate neoplasia (25.3 percent) and 8/55 (25.3 percent) the serum PSA was under 4ng/ml. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were respectively 98.2 percent /16.6 percent at a cut-off point of 2.5ng/ml and 85,4 percent /38.8 percent at cutt-off of 4ng/ml. The corresponding values for prostates >40ml or <40ml were: 96.2 percent /8.1 percent and 100 percent /27.7 percent at the cut-off point of 2.5ng/ml, and 92.5 percent /20 percent and 78.5 percent /62.3 percent at a cut-off level of 4ng/ml. For prostates <40ml a PSA cut-off point of 4ng/ml leads to a misdiagnosis in 21.4 percent of the malignant tumors. The median PSAD of benign prostates are different according to prostate volume (.40ml or <40ml). PSAD at cut-off of 0.08 increases the PSAspecificity at both PSA cut-off points. Conclusions: Prostate volume affects the sensitivity and specificity of PSA and the median values of PSAD. PSAD of 0.08 increases the PSA specificity specially at a cut-point of 2.5ng/ml in prostates smaller than 40ml.