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1.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 39(2): 196-208, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38237804

ABSTRACT

The last consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Neurology's Demyelinating Diseases Study Group on the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) was issued in 2016. Although many of the positions taken remain valid, there have been significant changes in the management and treatment of MS, both due to the approval of new drugs with different action mechanisms and due to the evolution of previously fixed concepts. This has enabled new approaches to specific situations such as pregnancy and vaccination, and the inclusion of new variables in clinical decision-making, such as the early use of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMT), consideration of the patient's perspective, and the use of such novel technologies as remote monitoring. In the light of these changes, this updated consensus statement, developed according to the Delphi method, seeks to reflect the new paradigm in the management of patients with MS, based on the available scientific evidence and the clinical expertise of the participants. The most significant recommendations are that immunomodulatory DMT be started in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome with persistent radiological activity, that patient perspectives be considered, and that the term "lines of therapy" no longer be used in the classification of DMTs (> 90% consensus). Following diagnosis of MS, the first DMT should be selected according to the presence/absence of factors of poor prognosis (whether epidemiological, clinical, radiological, or biomarkers) for the occurrence of new relapses or progression of disability; high-efficacy DMTs may be considered from disease onset.


Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis , Neurology , Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy , Societies , Consensus
2.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 98(9): 521-527, sept. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224813

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de la trabeculostomía con láser excímero (ELT) y facoemulsificación en ojos con hipertensión ocular (HTO) o glaucoma leve y catarata. Métodos Estudio unicéntrico de ojos a los que se realizó facoemulsificación y ELT entre 2017 y 2021. Se evaluó el cambio en la presión intraocular (PIO), la necesidad de medicamentos para controlar la PIO, la agudeza visual mejor corregida, las complicaciones y las reintervenciones. El éxito del procedimiento se definió como una reducción del 20% de la PIO, una PIO ≤14mmHg o la reducción de medicamentos con una PIO menor o igual a la preoperatoria. Resultados El seguimiento promedio fue de 658 ±64días. El promedio de PIO preoperatoria fue 17,76 ±4,88mmHg y disminuyó a 15,35 ±3,10mmHg al año de seguimiento (n=37) (p = 0,006) y a 14,00 ±3,78mmHg a los 3años (n=8) (p=0,074). El número de medicamentos para controlar la PIO disminuyó de 2,02 ±1,00 en el preoperatorio a 1,02 ±0,96 al año (n=37) (p<0,001) y a 1,63 ±0,92 a los 3años de seguimiento (n=8) (p=0,197). El éxito completo se alcanzó en el 17,7% de los ojos y el éxito calificado en el 54,8%. Dos ojos de 2 pacientes presentaron hipema postoperatorio temprano. Dos ojos de un paciente requirieron una cirugía filtrante y dos ojos de un paciente una trabeculoplastia selectiva para controlar la PIO. Conclusiones La combinación de ELT y facoemulsificación es efectiva y segura en ojos con HTO o glaucoma leve y catarata. En esta serie hubo una reducción significativa de la PIO y del número de medicamentos para controlar la PIO (AU)


Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of combined phacoemulsification and excimer laser trabeculostomy (ELT) in eyes with cataract and mild controlled glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods Single-centre analysis of eyes that underwent phacoemulsification and ELT between 2017 and 2021. Change in intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medication requirements, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), complications and re-interventions were evaluated. Success was defined as a reduction ≥20% from preoperative IOP, an IOP ≤14mmHg or a reduction in glaucoma medication requirements with an IOP equal or lower than the preoperative IOP. Results Mean follow-up was 658 ±64days. Mean preoperative IOP was 17.76 ±4.88mmHg, it decreased to 15.35 ±3.10mmHg at 1 year (n=37) (P=.006) and to 14.00 ±3.78 at 3years (n=8) (P=.074). Mean number of glaucoma medication requirements decreased from 2.02 ±1.0 preoperatively to 1.02 ±0.96 at 1 year (n=37) (P<.001) and to 1.63 ±0.92 at 3years (n=8) (P=.197). Complete success was achieved in 17.7% of eyes and qualified success in 54.8%. Two eyes of 2 patients had early postoperative hyphema. Two eyes of 1 patient underwent filtering surgery 2 months after the procedure, and 2 eyes of 1 patient underwent laser trabeculoplasty 3.8years after the procedure due to uncontrolled IOP. Conclusions Combined phacoemulsification and ELT is effective and safe in eyes with mild glaucoma or OHT and cataract. It significantly reduced IOP and glaucoma medication requirements 1 year after surgery (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cataract Extraction , Glaucoma/surgery , Lasers, Excimer , Ocular Hypertension/surgery , Phacoemulsification , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Follow-Up Studies
3.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 98(9): 521-527, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37364679

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of combined phacoemulsification and excimer laser trabeculostomy (ELT) in eyes with cataract and mild controlled glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). METHODS: Single-centre analysis of eyes that underwent phacoemulsification and ELT between 2017 and 2021. Change in intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medication requirements, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), complications and re-interventions were evaluated. Success was defined as a reduction ≥20% from preoperative IOP, an IOP ≤ 14 mmHg or a reduction in glaucoma medication requirements with an IOP equal or lower than the preoperative IOP. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 658 ± 64 days. Mean preoperative IOP was 17.76 ± 4.88 mmHg, it decreased to 15.35 ± 3.10 mmHg at 1 year (n = 37) (p = 0.006) and to 14.00 ± 3.78 at 3 years (n = 8) (p = 0.074). Mean number of glaucoma medication requirements decreased from 2.02 ± 1.0 preoperatively to 1.02 ± 0.96 at 1 year (n = 37) (p < 0.001) and to 1.63 ± 0.92 at 3 years (n = 8) (p = 0.197). Complete success was achieved in 17.7% of eyes and qualified success in 54.8%. Two eyes of 2 patients had early postoperative hyphema. Two eyes of 1 patient underwent filtering surgery 2 months after the procedure, and 2 eyes of 1 patient underwent laser trabeculoplasty 3.8 years after the procedure due to uncontrolled IOP. CONCLUSIONS: Combined phacoemulsification and ELT is effective and safe in eyes with mild glaucoma or OHT and cataract. It significantly reduced IOP and glaucoma medication requirements 1 year after surgery.


Subject(s)
Cataract , Glaucoma , Ocular Hypertension , Phacoemulsification , Humans , Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use , Glaucoma/complications , Glaucoma/surgery , Ocular Hypertension/surgery , Ocular Hypertension/complications , Cataract/complications , Cataract/therapy
9.
Sci Total Environ ; 737: 140286, 2020 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32783863

ABSTRACT

Two TiO2-rGO nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal method from commercial TiO2 (P25 and Hombikat UV100, HBK). In both cases TiO2 nanoparticles appeared intimate and homogeneously distributed on rGO surface, but forming a dense network in P25-rGO nanocomposite, and a more open structure in HBK-rGO. Zeta potential and particle size distribution favored the ease of HBK-rGO nanocomposite to form stable suspensions. A comparative analysis of these two photocatalysts was performed on the pilot plant scale solar assisted photodegradation of a 200 µg·L-1 or 5 mg·L-1 mixture of persistent and biorecalcitrant pollutants in deionized water (methomyl, pyrimethanil, isoproturon and alachlor, all used as pesticides). Complete removal of pesticides was achieved, though faster with P25-rGO when O2 was the oxidant. However, the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosage as oxidant speeded up pesticides removal, but HBK-rGO performance resulted much improved. Finally, at realistic very low concentrations of 200 µgeach pesticide·L-1, the complete removal of pesticides was achieved at very short times (<25 min), showing the efficiency of the synthetized TiO2-rGO nanocomposites in this pilot-plat scale solar process to mitigate refractory and biorecalcitrant contaminants on effluents as a sustainable and efficient process.

11.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol ; 40(4): 737-744, 2019 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30923086

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aim was to use 2D convolutional neural networks for automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and traumatic contusion injury from axial T2-weighted MR imaging in a cohort of patients with acute spinal cord injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients who underwent 3T MR imaging within 24 hours of spinal cord injury were included. We developed an image-analysis pipeline integrating 2D convolutional neural networks for whole spinal cord and intramedullary spinal cord lesion segmentation. Linear mixed modeling was used to compare test segmentation results between our spinal cord injury convolutional neural network (Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation) and current state-of-the-art methods. Volumes of segmented lesions were then used in a linear regression analysis to determine associations with motor scores. RESULTS: Compared with manual labeling, the average test set Dice coefficient for the Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation model was 0.93 for spinal cord segmentation versus 0.80 for PropSeg and 0.90 for DeepSeg (both components of the Spinal Cord Toolbox). Linear mixed modeling showed a significant difference between Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation compared with PropSeg (P < .001) and DeepSeg (P < .05). Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation showed significantly better adaptability to damaged areas compared with PropSeg (P < .001) and DeepSeg (P < .02). The contusion injury volumes based on automated segmentation were significantly associated with motor scores at admission (P = .002) and discharge (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation of the spinal cord compares favorably with available segmentation tools in a population with acute spinal cord injury. Volumes of injury derived from automated lesion segmentation with Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation correlate with measures of motor impairment in the acute phase. Targeted convolutional neural network training in acute spinal cord injury enhances algorithm performance for this patient population and provides clinically relevant metrics of cord injury.


Subject(s)
Deep Learning , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Motor Disorders/etiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/complications , Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Contusions/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male
12.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 19(2): 886-895, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29043604

ABSTRACT

In the majority of Latin-American countries, including Argentina, there is a limited availability of vaginal bioproducts containing probiotics in the market. In addition, the conventional treatments of genital tract infections in women represent a high cost to the public health systems. The future development of this type of bioproducts that employ specific lactobacilli strains would not only have a meaningful impact on women's health but would also represent a significant challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. The aims of the work described in this paper were (i) to study different pharmaceutical formulations of vaginal ovules containing Lactobacillus fermentum L23 and L. rhamnosus L60, to determine in which formulation lactobacilli viability was sustained for longer time and (ii) to evaluate if probiotic strains maintained both the antimicrobial activity and biofilm-producing ability after being recovered from the ovules. In this study, we developed and characterized three pharmaceutical formulations containing different glycerol amounts and specific lactobacilli strains. Three relevant parameters, cell viability, antimicrobial activity, and biofilm production, by lactobacilli recovered from the ovules were tested. Although the viability of L23 and L60 strains was mainly influenced by high ovule's glycerol proportion, they survived at 4 °C during the 180 days. Both lactobacilli's antimicrobial activity and biofilm-producing ability were maintained for all treatments. In conclusion, employing a much reduced number of components, we were able to select the most suitable pharmaceutical formulation which maintained not only lactobacilli viability for a long period of time but also their antimicrobial activity and biofilm-producing ability.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Biofilms/drug effects , Drug Compounding/methods , Lactobacillus/chemistry , Vagina , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Biofilms/growth & development , Female , Humans , Lactobacillus/physiology , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Probiotics/chemistry , Vagina/drug effects
13.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(2): 113-119, mar. 2017.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-160846

ABSTRACT

La incorporación de nuevos medicamentos para modificar el curso de la esclerosis múltiple y la complejidad de su uso plantea la conveniencia de utilizar consensos terapéuticos. El consenso actual ha sido elaborado por el grupo de enfermedades desmielinizantes de la Sociedad Española de Neurología y actualiza consensos previamente publicados. Se enumeran los medicamentos aprobados para la esclerosis múltiple con sus indicaciones oficiales. Se analizan aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento, como la presencia de actividad, la precocidad, el mantenimiento terapéutico, el seguimiento, el fallo terapéutico, los cambios de medicación y el tratamiento en situaciones especiales. Se elaboran indicaciones de tratamiento desde el síndrome desmielinizante aislado a las distintas formas de esclerosis múltiple detallando recomendaciones de tratamiento inicial, cambios de medicación, con consideraciones sobre terapia combinada e inducción y aspectos prácticos del uso de medicamentos


With the advent of new disease-modifying drugs, the treatment of multiple sclerosis is becoming increasingly complex. Using consensus statements is therefore advisable. The present consensus statement, which was drawn up by the Spanish Society of Neurology's study group for demyelinating diseases, updates previous consensus statements on the disease. The present study lists the medications currently approved for multiple sclerosis and their official indications, and analyses such treatment-related aspects as activity, early treatment, maintenance, follow-up, treatment failure, changes in medication, and special therapeutic situations. This consensus statement includes treatment recommendations for a wide range of demyelinating diseases, from isolated demyelinating syndromes to the different forms of multiple sclerosis, as well as recommendations for initial therapy and changes in drug medication, and additional comments on induction and combined therapy and practical aspects of the use of these drugs


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy , Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology , Multiple Sclerosis/prevention & control , Consensus , Societies, Medical/organization & administration , Societies, Medical/standards , Medication Systems/standards , Demyelinating Diseases/drug therapy , Demyelinating Diseases/epidemiology , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Medication Therapy Management/organization & administration , Medication Therapy Management/standards , Medication Adherence , Treatment Outcome
17.
Neurologia ; 32(2): 113-119, 2017 Mar.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27157522

ABSTRACT

With the advent of new disease-modifying drugs, the treatment of multiple sclerosis is becoming increasingly complex. Using consensus statements is therefore advisable. The present consensus statement, which was drawn up by the Spanish Society of Neurology's study group for demyelinating diseases, updates previous consensus statements on the disease. The present study lists the medications currently approved for multiple sclerosis and their official indications, and analyses such treatment-related aspects as activity, early treatment, maintenance, follow-up, treatment failure, changes in medication, and special therapeutic situations. This consensus statement includes treatment recommendations for a wide range of demyelinating diseases, from isolated demyelinating syndromes to the different forms of multiple sclerosis, as well as recommendations for initial therapy and changes in drug medication, and additional comments on induction and combined therapy and practical aspects of the use of these drugs.


Subject(s)
Consensus , Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy , Neurology , Societies, Medical , Humans
20.
J Dev Orig Health Dis ; 7(1): 54-60, 2016 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26286040

ABSTRACT

Breast milk constitutes one of the most important sources of postnatal microbes. However, the influence of perinatal factors on the milk microbiome is still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of mode of delivery on the microbiome composition and diversity present in breast milk of healthy mothers. Mature milk samples (n=10) were taken from mothers after 1 month of exclusively breastfeeding. Microbiomes from milk samples were analyzed with 16S ribosomal RNA gene pyrosequencing and targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Despite inter-individual variability in bacterial composition, The Principal Coordinates Analysis clearly separated milk microbiome from mothers with vaginal delivery (n=6) from those who undergo C-section (n=4). In addition, higher bacterial diversity and richness was found in milk samples from vaginal deliveries. Quantitative PCR data showed that higher levels of Bifidobacterium spp. were related significantly to lower levels of Staphylococcus spp. Despite the low sample size, our data suggest that mode of delivery has an important impact on milk microbiome composition. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results and to understand the biological effects of C-section associated microbes on infant's health.


Subject(s)
Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Microbiota , Milk, Human/microbiology , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult
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