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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(3): 114-124, 1 ago., 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-139350

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La neuralgia del trigémino es uno de los síndromes de dolor facial más graves. La incidencia anual varía entre el 4-13% y altera de forma significativa la calidad de vida de los afectados. Cuando el dolor no puede controlarse con tratamiento farmacológico, existen diferentes opciones quirúrgicas. La selección de la técnica está basada en estudios observacionales y su aplicación depende de la experiencia de cada centro. Objetivos. Evaluar la efectividad y el nivel de evidencia del tratamiento farmacológico y quirúrgico en la neuralgia del trigémino, y analizar el papel actual de las técnicas percutáneas en el tratamiento de esta patología. Desarrollo. El tratamiento inicial de la neuralgia del trigémino es el farmacológico y la carbamacepina es el único fármaco con suficiente nivel de evidencia. Las técnicas quirúrgicas percutáneas son efectivas y de fácil aplicación, pero la tendencia a la recidiva conduce a la preferencia por la microdescompresión vascular. Sin embargo, no hay estudios comparativos que determinen la superioridad de alguna técnica con buen nivel de evidencia. Se han revisado las tres técnicas percutá- neas más utilizadas, la compresión con balón, la rizotomía con glicerol y la termocoagulación por radiofrecuencia. Esta última es la que ha presentado mayor desarrollo en los últimos años, con la aparición de técnicas neurofisiológicas que pueden optimizar los resultados. Conclusiones. La selección de una técnica quirúrgica en la neuralgia del trigémino no está bien apoyada por ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Los nuevos procedimientos en la aplicación de la radiofrecuencia pueden mejorar las perspectivas del tratamiento de esta patología (AU)


Introduction. Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most severe facial pain syndromes. The annual incidence varies between 4-13% and has a significant effect on patients’ quality of life. When the pain cannot be controlled by pharmacological treatment, several different surgical options can be considered. The choice of technique will be based on observational studies and its application depends on the experience of each centre. Aims. To assess the effectiveness and level of evidence of pharmacological and surgical treatment in trigeminal neuralgia, and to analyse the current role of percutaneous techniques in the treatment of this pathology. Development. The initial treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is pharmacological and carbamazepine is the only drug with a sufficiently high level of evidence. The percutaneous surgical techniques are effective and easy to apply, but the tendency for relapses to appear means there is a preference for vascular microdecompression. Yet, there are no reports of comparative studies that determine the superiority of a technique with a good level of evidence. The three most commonly used percutaneous techniques, balloon compression, glycerol rhizotomy and thermocoagulation by radiofrequency, were reviewed. This last technique is the one that has undergone the greatest development in recent years, with the emergence of neurophysiological techniques that make it possible to optimise results. Conclusions. The selection of a surgical technique for use in trigeminal neuralgia does not have much backing from randomised clinical trials. The new procedures in the application of radiofrequency can improve the treatment prospects of this pathology (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Trigeminal Neuralgia/therapy , Administration, Cutaneous , Quality of Life , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment , Glycerol/therapeutic use , Electrocoagulation , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Body Temperature Regulation , Neurophysiology/standards , Trigeminal Ganglion , Trigeminal Ganglion/radiation effects , Trigeminal Ganglion/surgery
2.
Rev Neurol ; 61(3): 114-24, 2015 Aug 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26178516

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most severe facial pain syndromes. The annual incidence varies between 4-13% and has a significant effect on patients' quality of life. When the pain cannot be controlled by pharmacological treatment, several different surgical options can be considered. The choice of technique will be based on observational studies and its application depends on the experience of each centre. AIMS: To assess the effectiveness and level of evidence of pharmacological and surgical treatment in trigeminal neuralgia, and to analyse the current role of percutaneous techniques in the treatment of this pathology. DEVELOPMENT: The initial treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is pharmacological and carbamazepine is the only drug with a sufficiently high level of evidence. The percutaneous surgical techniques are effective and easy to apply, but the tendency for relapses to appear means there is a preference for vascular microdecompression. Yet, there are no reports of comparative studies that determine the superiority of a technique with a good level of evidence. The three most commonly used percutaneous techniques, balloon compression, glycerol rhizotomy and thermocoagulation by radiofrequency, were reviewed. This last technique is the one that has undergone the greatest development in recent years, with the emergence of neurophysiological techniques that make it possible to optimise results. CONCLUSIONS: The selection of a surgical technique for use in trigeminal neuralgia does not have much backing from randomised clinical trials. The new procedures in the application of radiofrequency can improve the treatment prospects of this pathology.


TITLE: Tratamiento de la neuralgia del trigemino: actualizacion y perspectivas futuras de las tecnicas percutaneas.Introduccion. La neuralgia del trigemino es uno de los sindromes de dolor facial mas graves. La incidencia anual varia entre el 4-13% y altera de forma significativa la calidad de vida de los afectados. Cuando el dolor no puede controlarse con tratamiento farmacologico, existen diferentes opciones quirurgicas. La seleccion de la tecnica esta basada en estudios observacionales y su aplicacion depende de la experiencia de cada centro. Objetivos. Evaluar la efectividad y el nivel de evidencia del tratamiento farmacologico y quirurgico en la neuralgia del trigemino, y analizar el papel actual de las tecnicas percutaneas en el tratamiento de esta patologia. Desarrollo. El tratamiento inicial de la neuralgia del trigemino es el farmacologico y la carbamacepina es el unico farmaco con suficiente nivel de evidencia. Las tecnicas quirurgicas percutaneas son efectivas y de facil aplicacion, pero la tendencia a la recidiva conduce a la preferencia por la microdescompresion vascular. Sin embargo, no hay estudios comparativos que determinen la superioridad de alguna tecnica con buen nivel de evidencia. Se han revisado las tres tecnicas percutaneas mas utilizadas, la compresion con balon, la rizotomia con glicerol y la termocoagulacion por radiofrecuencia. Esta ultima es la que ha presentado mayor desarrollo en los ultimos años, con la aparicion de tecnicas neurofisiologicas que pueden optimizar los resultados. Conclusiones. La seleccion de una tecnica quirurgica en la neuralgia del trigemino no esta bien apoyada por ensayos clinicos aleatorizados. Los nuevos procedimientos en la aplicacion de la radiofrecuencia pueden mejorar las perspectivas del tratamiento de esta patologia.


Subject(s)
Trigeminal Neuralgia/therapy , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Catheter Ablation , Electrocoagulation , GABA Agonists/therapeutic use , Glycerol/therapeutic use , Humans , Incidence , Models, Neurological , Postoperative Complications , Radiosurgery , Rhizotomy , Trigeminal Ganglion/surgery , Trigeminal Neuralgia/epidemiology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/physiopathology
3.
Pain ; 147(1-3): 46-53, 2009 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19700243

ABSTRACT

Cold allodynia is a common sign of neuropathic pain patients but its underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown, partly because the populations of neurons responding to cold stimuli and their transduction mechanisms have not been fully determined. We report a patient with a small-fiber neuropathy of unknown origin, whose main complaint is cold allodynia. Microneurographic recordings showed ongoing spontaneous activity and abnormal responses to cold and menthol in identified subtypes of C-nociceptors. These findings provide the first direct evidence in human of abnormal peripheral nociceptor behavior potentially responsible for cold allodynia. The responsiveness of C-nociceptors to menthol suggests an abnormal expression or function of TRPM8 channels in this patient with a small-fiber polyneuropathy.


Subject(s)
Cold Temperature , Hyperalgesia/pathology , Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/physiology , Neuralgia/pathology , Nociceptors/physiology , Pain Threshold/physiology , Adult , Biopsy/methods , Electromyography/methods , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory/physiology , Female , Humans , Hyperalgesia/complications , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry/methods , Lasers/adverse effects , Neural Conduction/physiology , Neuralgia/complications , Pain Measurement/methods , Skin/pathology
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