Meningiomas quísticos: correlación radiológica y patológica con implicaciones quirúrgicas / Cystic meningiomas: Radiological and pathological correlation with surgical implications

Introducción: Los meningiomas que asocian cambios quísticos prominentes (MQ) han representado un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico desde los orígenes de la neurocirugía moderna. Presentamos la experiencia en el manejo clínico y quirúrgico de esta entidad en nuestro Servicio. Material y métodos: En este estudio descriptivo se incluyen los MQ intervenidos en nuestro Servicio en los últimos 15 años, evaluando las variables clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de este subgrupo de meningiomas, con especial énfasis en la correlación de los hallazgos radiológicos y patológicos. Los tumores se clasificaron siguiendo el esquema propuesto por Nauta y sus colaboradores. Resultados: Se identificaron 11 casos, lo que supone un 1,8% de los meningiomas intervenidos en ese periodo. Todos los pacientes eran adultos y 8 de ellos, mujeres. Entre los síntomas, destacó la alta frecuencia de crisis epilépticas, mientras que solo un caso desarrolló hipertensión intracraneal aguda. La morfología predominante fue el tipo 2, seguida de los tipos 1, 3 y 4. En 5 casos pudo establecerse un diagnóstico radiológico inequívoco de meningioma. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados mediante cirugía, sin evidenciarse casos de recurrencia durante un seguimiento medio de 52,8 meses. Aunque la mayoría de las neoplasias correspondieron al grado i de la OMS, incluyendo subtipos variados, 4 de ellas fueron diagnosticadas como meningiomas atípicos. Conclusiones: De forma excepcional, los meningiomas pueden desarrollar cambios quísticos, intra- o extratumorales, en número y tamaño variable. Estos constituyen hallazgos poco típicos que pueden dificultar seriamente su diagnóstico diferencial radiológico. Los meningiomas con quistes periféricos de cápsula fina (tipos 2 y 3) suponen el escenario quirúrgico más complejo, pues el realce capsular en las pruebas de imagen no traduce necesariamente infiltración tumoral, mientras que el quiste puede contener células neoplásicas. Por lo tanto, recomendamos realizar al menos biopsia de la cápsula o seudocápsula, y lavado minucioso de la cavidad quirúrgica especialmente en estos subtipos

Introduction: Meningiomas associating prominent cystic changes (CM) have challenged neurosurgeons since the beginning of this surgical discipline. We present the experience in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this entity in our institution. Material and methods: A review of our patient database was carried out, searching for those CM that were operated on in the last 15 years. Relevant clinical data were recorded and analyzed for each case, with special emphasis in the correlation of radiological and pathological findings. Cystic changes were classified according to the scheme proposed by Nauta et al. Results: A total of 11 patients were gathered, which represents 1.8% of the meningiomas operated on in our department during the period studied. All were adults, predominantly female patients (8 cases). Among the clinical symptoms a high rate of epileptic seizures was observed while only one patient developed acute intracranial hypertension. Morphologically, most tumors corresponded to type 2 CMs, followed by types 1, 3 and 4. In only five patients an unequivocal radiological diagnosis of meningioma could be made. All neoplasms were surgically removed and there were no records of recurrence (mean follow-up: 52.8 months). Microscopic findings were consistent with the pathological diagnosis of atypical meningioma in 4 cases, while the remaining tumors corresponded to OMS grade I neoplasms with variable microscopic patterns. Conclusions: Meningiomas can exceptionally associate cystic changes, both intra and/or extratumoral, in variable number and size. When cystic changes become too prominent (a large number or big-sized cysts), a serious preoperative diagnostic dilemma may arise. The surgical management of those CMs displaying a peripheral, thin-walled cyst (types 2 and 3) is especially complex, as contrast enhancement of the tumor wall did not correlate strictly with neoplastic invasion; even in the absence of this feature free floating islands of meningothelial cells intermixed with cyst fluid can be found. Consequently both surgical biopsy of every suspicious tissue and copious irrigation of the surgical cavity are strongly recommended for these CM types

Cystic meningiomas: Radiological and pathological correlation with surgical implications. / Meningiomas quísticos: correlación radiológica y patológica con implicaciones quirúrgicas.

INTRODUCTION: Meningiomas associating prominent cystic changes (CM) have challenged neurosurgeons since the beginning of this surgical discipline. We present the experience in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this entity in our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of our patient database was carried out, searching for those CM that were operated on in the last 15 years. Relevant clinical data were recorded and analyzed for each case, with special emphasis in the correlation of radiological and pathological findings. Cystic changes were classified according to the scheme proposed by Nauta et al. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients were gathered, which represents 1.8% of the meningiomas operated on in our department during the period studied. All were adults, predominantly female patients (8 cases). Among the clinical symptoms a high rate of epileptic seizures was observed while only one patient developed acute intracranial hypertension. Morphologically, most tumors corresponded to type 2 CMs, followed by types 1, 3 and 4. In only five patients an unequivocal radiological diagnosis of meningioma could be made. All neoplasms were surgically removed and there were no records of recurrence (mean follow-up: 52.8 months). Microscopic findings were consistent with the pathological diagnosis of atypical meningioma in 4 cases, while the remaining tumors corresponded to OMS grade I neoplasms with variable microscopic patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Meningiomas can exceptionally associate cystic changes, both intra and/or extratumoral, in variable number and size. When cystic changes become too prominent (a large number or big-sized cysts), a serious preoperative diagnostic dilemma may arise. The surgical management of those CMs displaying a peripheral, thin-walled cyst (types 2 and 3) is especially complex, as contrast enhancement of the tumor wall did not correlate strictly with neoplastic invasion; even in the absence of this feature free floating islands of meningothelial cells intermixed with cyst fluid can be found. Consequently both surgical biopsy of every suspicious tissue and copious irrigation of the surgical cavity are strongly recommended for these CM types.

Hematomas subdurales crónicos. Arquitectura interna del hematoma como predictor de recidiva / Chronic subdural haematomas. The internal architecture of the haematoma as a predictor of recurrence

Introducción. La arquitectura interna del hematoma subdural crónico (HSDC) es un factor muy importante que se debe tener en cuenta como predictor de recidiva. Objetivo. Analizar los factores posiblemente asociados a la recidiva de los HSDC, prestando especial atención a dicha arquitectura. Pacientes y métodos. Hemos revisado 147 pacientes tratados desde 2010 hasta 2013. Dividimos los HSDC en cuatro tipos de acuerdo con la clasificación de Nakaguchi de 2001. Además, hemos recogido diferentes características clínicas y las hemos sometido a análisis estadístico para evaluar su posible asociación con la tasa de recidiva de los HSDC. Resultados. La tasa de recidiva fue del 14,75% y la de mortalidad, del 4,76%. El tratamiento con anticoagulantes, el tipo de hematoma y el no usar drenaje subdural fueron factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos para la recurrencia del HSDC. Según la arquitectura interna, la tasa de recidiva fue del 36,36% para el tipo separado, del 15,90% para el laminar, del 8,82% para el homogéneo y del 0% para el trabecular. Dicha tasa fue significativamente mayor en el tipo separado respecto al homogéneo y trabecular. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con anticoagulantes y el no usar drenaje subdural son factores de riesgo de recurrencia de HSDC. Además, la división de los HSDC de acuerdo con la clasificación de Nakaguchi puede ser útil para predecir el riesgo de recurrencia, ya que la tasa de recidiva del tipo separado fue significativamente mayor que la del resto de tipos (AU)

Introduction. The internal architecture of a chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is an important factor that must be taken into account as a predictor of recurrence. Aim. To analyse the factors that are possibly associated to the recurrence of CSDH, with special emphasis on the abovementioned architecture. Patients and methods. We reviewed 147 patients treated between 2010 and 2013. The CSDH were classified into four types, in accordance with Nakaguchi’s classification published in 2001. Moreover, we gathered different clinical characteristics and they were submitted to a statistical analysis in order to evaluate the possible association between them and the rate of recurrence of CSDH. Results. The rate of recurrence was 14.75% and the mortality rate was 4.76%. Treatment with anticoagulants, the type of haematoma and not using subdural drainage were statistically significant risk factors for the recurrence of CSDH. In terms of the internal architecture, the rate of recurrence was 36.36% for the separated type, 15.90% for the laminar type, 8.82% for the homogenous and 0% for the trabecular type. This rate was significantly higher in the separated type with respect to the homogenous and trabecular types. Conclusions. We have observed that treatment with anticoagulants and not using subdural drainage are risk factors for the recurrence of CSDH. Furthermore, dividing CSDH up in accordance with Nakaguchi’s classification can be useful for predicting the risk of relapse, since the rate of recurrence of the separated type was significantly greater than that of the other types (AU)

[Chronic subdural haematomas. The internal architecture of the haematoma as a predictor of recurrence]. / Hematomas subdurales cronicos. Arquitectura interna del hematoma como predictor de recidiva.

INTRODUCTION: The internal architecture of a chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is an important factor that must be taken into account as a predictor of recurrence. AIM: To analyse the factors that are possibly associated to the recurrence of CSDH, with special emphasis on the above-mentioned architecture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 147 patients treated between 2010 and 2013. The CSDH were classified into four types, in accordance with Nakaguchi's classification published in 2001. Moreover, we gathered different clinical characteristics and they were submitted to a statistical analysis in order to evaluate the possible association between them and the rate of recurrence of CSDH. RESULTS: The rate of recurrence was 14.75% and the mortality rate was 4.76%. Treatment with anticoagulants, the type of haematoma and not using subdural drainage were statistically significant risk factors for the recurrence of CSDH. In terms of the internal architecture, the rate of recurrence was 36.36% for the separated type, 15.90% for the laminar type, 8.82% for the homogenous and 0% for the trabecular type. This rate was significantly higher in the separated type with respect to the homogenous and trabecular types. CONCLUSIONS: We have observed that treatment with anticoagulants and not using subdural drainage are risk factors for the recurrence of CSDH. Furthermore, dividing CSDH up in accordance with Nakaguchi's classification can be useful for predicting the risk of relapse, since the rate of recurrence of the separated type was significantly greater than that of the other types.

TITLE: Hematomas subdurales cronicos. Arquitectura interna del hematoma como predictor de recidiva.Introduccion. La arquitectura interna del hematoma subdural cronico (HSDC) es un factor muy importante que se debe tener en cuenta como predictor de recidiva. Objetivo. Analizar los factores posiblemente asociados a la recidiva de los HSDC, prestando especial atencion a dicha arquitectura. Pacientes y metodos. Hemos revisado 147 pacientes tratados desde 2010 hasta 2013. Dividimos los HSDC en cuatro tipos de acuerdo con la clasificacion de Nakaguchi de 2001. Ademas, hemos recogido diferentes caracteristicas clinicas y las hemos sometido a analisis estadistico para evaluar su posible asociacion con la tasa de recidiva de los HSDC. Resultados. La tasa de recidiva fue del 14,75% y la de mortalidad, del 4,76%. El tratamiento con anticoagulantes, el tipo de hematoma y el no usar drenaje subdural fueron factores de riesgo estadisticamente significativos para la recurrencia del HSDC. Segun la arquitectura interna, la tasa de recidiva fue del 36,36% para el tipo separado, del 15,90% para el laminar, del 8,82% para el homogeneo y del 0% para el trabecular. Dicha tasa fue significativamente mayor en el tipo separado respecto al homogeneo y trabecular. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con anticoagulantes y el no usar drenaje subdural son factores de riesgo de recurrencia de HSDC. Ademas, la division de los HSDC de acuerdo con la clasificacion de Nakaguchi puede ser util para predecir el riesgo de recurrencia, ya que la tasa de recidiva del tipo separado fue significativamente mayor que la del resto de tipos.

Isquemia talámica bilateral secundaria a fístula dural tentorial / Bilateral thalamic ischaemia secondary to a tentorial dural fistula

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[Bilateral thalamic ischaemia secondary to a tentorial dural fistula]. / Isquemia talamica bilateral secundaria a fistula dural tentorial.

TITLE: Isquemia talamica bilateral secundaria a fistula dural tentorial.

Quiste óseo aneurismático frontal. Caso clínico y revisión de la bibliografía / Frontal aneurysmal bone cyst. A case report and review of the literature

Introducción. El quiste óseo aneurismático (QOA) craneal es un hallazgo patológico infrecuente, diagnosticado habitualmente en pacientes jóvenes. Se define como una lesión benigna formada por cavidades hemáticas limitadas por septos osteoconectivos y células gigantes tipo osteoclastos; estas características histológicas son comunes a los QOA extracraneales. Clínicamente se manifiestan como tumoraciones craneales en la mayoría de los pacientes, las cuales pueden ser dolorosas y presentan un tamaño variable. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los QOA frontales publicados hasta la fecha, incluyendo un caso tratado recientemente en nuestro servicio. Caso clínico. Mujer de 29 años, sin antecedentes de traumatismo craneoencefálico previo, valorada por presentar una lesión craneal frontal derecha no dolorosa y fija. El estudio radiológico demostró la presencia de una lesión craneal lítica de bordes bien delimitados y esclerosis marginal, con captación periférica y lineal de contraste en el estudio con resonancia magnética cerebral. Se intervino a la paciente y se extirpó la lesión en su totalidad. La evolución postoperatoria transcurrió sin incidencias, y el diagnóstico anatomopatológico definitivo fue QOA craneal. Conclusión. El QOA craneal es una entidad patológica de características histológicas y radiológicas bien definidas, a pesar de que su etiopatogenia actualmente no es completamente conocida. La resección tumoral completa se considera el tratamiento de elección, el cual con frecuencia es curativo y conlleva un buen pronóstico del paciente a largo plazo (AU)

Introduction. Cranial aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare pathological finding that is usually diagnosed in young patients. It is defined as a benign lesion made up of intervillous spaces limited by connective bone tissue septa and osteoclast-type giant cells; these histological characteristics are common to extracranial ABC. Clinically, in most patients, they manifest as cranial tumours which may be painful and vary in size. About 100 cases of cranial ABC have been reported in the literature. We present a literature review of the cases of frontal ABC reported to date, including one that was recently treated in our own service. Case report. A 29-year-old female, with no history of traumatic brain injury, who was examined due to the presence of a fixed, painless frontal cranial lesion on the right-hand side. The results of a radiological study revealed the presence of a lytic cranial lesion with well-delimited edges and marginal sclerosis; peripheral and linear contrast enhancement was also observed in the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The patient was submitted to a surgical intervention and the entire lesion was removed. There were no incidents in the post-operative period and the definitive pathological diagnosis was cranial ABC. Conclusions. Cranial ABC is a pathological condition with well-defined histological and radiological characteristics, despite the fact that its aetiopathogenesis is still not fully understood. Complete excision of the tumour is considered to be the preferred treatment, which often leads to full recovery of the patient and also offers a good long-term prognosis (AU)

Hematoma subdural agudo interhemisférico en un paciente cirrótico / Acute interhemispheric subdural haematoma in a patient with cirrhosis

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Pseudoquiste epicraneal gigante tras la desconexión de un sistema de derivación ventriculoperitoneal / No disponible

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