[Epidemiological aspects of vascular dementia in the Northwestern Federal District in 2010-2019]. / Epidemiologicheskie aspekty sosudistoi dementsii v Severo-Zapadnom federal'nom okruge v 2010­2019 godakh.

To analyze the dynamics and structure of the incidence and prevalence of vascular dementia (according to the appeal to psychiatric institutions) in the regions of the North-West Federal District in 2010-2019. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study design is descriptive epidemiological. We analyzed the data of 11 entities that are part of the North-West Federal District, including in comparison with general indicators for the Russian Federation. RESULTS: There was an increase in the prevalence and a decrease in the incidence of vascular dementia in 2019 compared to 2010. In the Northwestern Federal District, both indicators were higher than all-Russian ones. A small number of cases of vascular dementia can be observed at a young age, but its exponential growth is observed after 60 years. Among previously ill vascular dementia and newly diagnosed, there is an almost twofold predominance of women. CONCLUSION: The results can be used in solving issues of the organization of psychiatric care and developing prevention algorithms for vascular dementia.

[Prevalence of mental retardation among the elderly in Northwestern Federal District.]

In a single-stage observational study, the dynamics of indicators of prevalence and incidence of mental retardation in persons aged 60 years and older in the North-Western Federal district was studied. It was found that in the diagnostic structure of the prevalence of mental disorders of older people in the northwestern Federal district in 2018, the share of mental retardation is 2,9%. Among all patients with mental retardation, the proportion of elderly people in the regions of the northwestern Federal district ranges from 1,9 to 7,6%. From 2016 to 2018 in the northwestern Federal district, the increase in the prevalence of mental retardation of the elderly due to the cumulative effect was 9,6%, and the decrease in the incidence rate was 26,5%. Cases of primary diagnosis of mental retardation in older people may be due to migration factors and diagnostic errors. A more thorough assessment of the clinical picture of cognitive disorders in elderly patients and accurate follow-up of diagnostic criteria is required.

[The prevalence of autism: genuine and imaginary]. / Rasprostranennost' autizma: podlinnaia i mnimaia.

In this review, the authors analyze the causes of the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in recent decades. It is shown that the expansion of the boundaries of the 'autistic spectrum' concept led to a significant spread of data on its prevalence, depending on the time, diagnostic criteria, country and region. Stability of the diagnosis of ASD is not high and depends on the age of the child. Diagnostic practice in comorbid psychiatric disorders unfairly shifted toward ASD. At the same time, the hypothesis on the uniqueness of autistic manifestations in infancy is not convincingly confirmed. The practical aspect of the problem of the epidemiology of autism does not exclude, but on the contrary, presupposes early detection of nonspecific mental disorders followed by medical-psychological-pedagogical correction.

[Psychosocial characteristics of alcohol dependence patients committed self-poisoning suicide attempt]. / Psikhosotsial'naia kharakteristika lits, sovershivshikh suitsidal'nye popytki otravleniia.

AIM: To determine с psychosocial characteristics of alcohol-dependent patients committed self-poisoning suicide attempt. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Individuals, who were admitted to the toxicology department after the self-poisoning suicidal attempt, were studied. The socio-demographic, personal history data together with experimental psychological methods (V.P. Dvorschenko Personality Accentuation Test, AUDIT, Beck Hopelessness and Suicide Intention Scales, Barratt Impulsivity Scale) were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Individuals, who attempted suicide and abused alcohol, were characterized by the higher level of impulsivity, tendency to drug addiction, reduced ability to self-control and activity planning. They had excitable accentuation types and committed demonstrative suicidal attempts more often. Alcohol abuse was positively correlated with a tendency to drug addiction, impulsivity and was negatively correlated with the true suicide attempt and tendency to depression. Psychological characteristics of individuals with alcohol dependence committed suicide attempt differ from individuals without alcohol abuse.

[Psychosocial characteristics of elderly people who have committed suicide attempts poisoning].

The aim of this study is to identify psychosocial characteristics of older people who attempted suicide by self-poisoning. A total of 44 older people with suicide attempts by self-poisoning was examined, 12 of whom were male and 32 were female, their average age was 71,9+10,8. The comparison group consisted of 53 young people - 19 males and 34 females, their average age was 26,6+4,4. In both groups dominated deliberate self-poisoning with antiepileptic, sedative, soporific, Antiparkinson and psychotropic drugs (40,9 % vs 47,2 %, p>0,05). Amongst older people number of those who engaged in deliberate self-poisoning with drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system (25 % vs 9,4 %, p<0,05) was significantly higher. Compared with younger adults, older adults are more likely to commit a suicide attempt with serious intentions to complete suicide (62,5 % vs 24,5 %, p<0,05). There is a positive statistically significant correlation between the factor of «suicide attempt with serious intentions¼ and factors «loneliness¼ (Y=0,68), «severe physical illness¼ (Y=0,58) and «constant pain¼ (Y=0, 60).