[Studies on the pharmaceutical availability of chlortetracycline hydrochloride in selected ointment bases]. / Badania dostepnosci farmaceutycznej chlorowodorku chlorotetracykliny w wybranych podlozach masciowych.

Influence of non-ionic tensides on liberation of chlorotetracycline hydrochloride from ointment bases was investigated. Non-ionic tensides were found to enhance liberation of chlorotetracycline hydrochloride from lipophilic ointment bases, while liberation of this antibiotic from hydrophilic ointment bases proved to be depressed.

[The dynamics of the drug release from ointment bases. Part 5: The effects of tensides on the liberation of atropine from eye ointments (author's transl)]. / Dynamik der Arzeimittelabgabe aus Salbengrundlagen. 5. Mitteilung: Tensideinfluss auf die Liberation von Atropin aus Augensalben.

The liberation of atropine sulphate from 12 eye ointments added with lipophil emulsifiers (cholesterol and glycerol monostearate) and propylene glycol was determined in vitro in the apparatus of Olszewski and Kubis, using the reaction of atropine with bromothymol blue for spectrometric estimation. The best release was observed with vaseline added with propylene glycol. In contrast, glycerol monostearate and cholesterol produced no considerable increase in liberation. Glycerol monostearate exerted the greatest effect on the liberation of atropine sulphate from the base described in the Polish Pharmacopoeia IV. Glycerol monostearate was the most suited emulsifier for a paraffin-lanolin-water base. The maximum of release is delayed by the addition of the emulsifier to the ointment base.

[The dynamics of the drug release from suppositories. Part 5: Liberation of chlorpromazine from suppository bases (author's transl)]. / Dynamik der Arzneimittelabagabe aus Suppositorien. 5. Mitteilung: Liberation von Chlorpromazin aus Zäpfchengrundlagen.

The authors determined the liberation of chlorpromazine hydrochloride from suppositories prepared with the polyethylene glycols PEG 1000, 1500, 2000, 4000, 6000 and their mixtures as well as with the lipophil bases cocoa butter, Witepsol W35 and Witepsol H15. The determinations were made with the apparatus described by Kerckhoffs and Huinziga using a phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4). It was found that the liberation was most rapid from hydrophilic polyethylene glycol bases; and the release rates decreased in the following order: PGE 4000 (75%) + PEG (25%) leads to PEG 4000 (75%) + glycerol (25%) leads to PEG 2000 leads to PEG 1500 (70%( + PEG 6000 (30%) leads to PEG 4000 leads to PEG 6000. The release from lipophil bases was poor.

[The dynamics of the drug release from ointment bases. Part 3: The effects of some emulsifiers on the liberation of nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. / Dynamik der Arzneimittelabgabe aus Salbengrundlagen. 3. Mitteilung: Einfluss einiger Emulgatoren auf die Liberation von Nitroglycerol.

The main objective of the present investigation was the pharmaceutical evaluation of the dynamics of the liberation of nitroglycerin from polyethylene bases in comparison to the lanolin-containing commercial preparation Nitrocard. By dialysis through a semipermeable membrane, using the apparatus of Elszewski and Kubis, it was found that the liberation rate from the polyethylene ointments is greater than that from the lanolin ointment, the release being dependent upon the molecular mass of the polyethylene mixtures. Cetyl alcohol and Span emulsifiers increase the liberation; white wax exerts a delaying effect. A composition is proposed which corresponds, in respect of the release of nitroglycerin, to the commercial preparation.

[The dynamics of the drug release from tablets. Part 6: Liberation of glaucine from Tussiglauzin Dragées (author's transl)]. / Dynamik der Arzneimittelabgabe aus Tabletten. 6. Mitteilung: Liberation von Glaucin aus Tussiglauzin-Dragees.

The liberation of glaucine hydrobromide from Tussiglauzin dragées has been verified. The release to artificial gastric juice was determined by three different procedures: method using the apparatus according to Grzesiczak, stationary-basket method and rotating-basket method. All three methods showed that the largest proportion of the drug (greater than 90%) is released within 2.5 h, the maximum amount determined by means of the rotating-basket method being 99.2%.

[The dynamics of the drug release from tablets. Part 7: Comparison of three liberation models on Cholestil tablets (author's transl)]. / Dynamik der Arzneimittelabgabe aus Tabletten. 7. Mitteilung: Vergleich von drei Liberationsmodellen am Beispiel der Cholestil-Tabletten.

The liberation of hymecromone from Cholestil tablets (0.2 g) has been determined by three procedures; half-change method, stationary-basket method, and rotating-basket method. The release rate was highest when determined by the rotating-basket method. The other two methods yielded comparable, but considerably lower values. Artificial gastric and intestinal juices according to the Polish Pharmacopoeia IV have been used in this study.

[The dynamics of the drug release from dragées. Part 3: Indometnacin (author's transl)]. / Dynamik der Arzneimittelabgabe aus Dragées.

The release of indomethacin from dragées has been determined by the following procedures: flow-through chamber method, stationary basket method, and rotating basket method. The maximum of release was reached within 4 hours. The data obtained with the flow-through chamber and the stationary basket method were similar, whereas those yielded by the rotating basket method were somewhat higher. Furthermore, the release rate constant and the half-life period were calculated.

[The dynamics of drug release from suppositories. Part 6: The effects of lipophil and hydrophilic suppository bases on the release of adeiphenin (author's transl)]. / Dynamik der Arzneimittelabgabe aus Suppositorien. 6. Mitteilung: Einfluss lipophiler und hydrophiler Zäpfchengrundlagen auf die Liberation von Adiphenin.

On studying the release of adiphenin from suppositories, the authors found that it is most rapid from hydrophilic bases. The release rate decreased in the following order: PEG 1500 leads to PEG 2000 leads to PEG 4000 (70%) + Glycerol (30%) leads to PEG 1000 (70%) + Peg 4000 (30%) leads to PEG 4000 leads to PEG 6000. The release is considerably slower from the bases Witepsol W35, Witepsol H15 and cacao butter.

[The dynamics of drug release from suppositories. Part 2: Phenylpyrazolone derivatives in animal experimentation (author's transl)]. / Dynamik der Arzneimittelabgabe aus Suppositorien. 2. Mitteilung: Penylpyrazolonderivate im Tierversuch.

The authors studied the in vivo absorption of aminophenazone and aminoantipyrine from suppositories produced by means of, respectively, hydrophilic vehicles (PEG 1000, PEG 1500, PEG 2800, PEG 4000, PEG 5000) and lipophil vehicles (Witepsol H 15 and cocoa butter). It was found that the above-mentioned drugs were absorbed more rapidly from the suppositories with a hydrophilic vehicle than from those with a lipophil vehicle. The absorption time decreased with the increase in molecular mass of the polyethylene glycols used. The absorption times of the two drugs from suppositories with cocoa butter and Witepsol H 15 were relatively short. A correlation has been established between in vitro release and in vivo absorption.