Inhibition of attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to tissue cells by goat milk antigonococcal immunoglobulin G.

An immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing fraction was isolated from milk, obtained from a goat before and after instillation of the mammary gland with Neisseria gonorrhoeae colony type 1 (T1). The presence of IgG and the absence of immunoglobulins-A and -M in this fraction was confirmed by immunodiffusion in gel and immunoelectrophoresis. Postinstillation IgG inhibited the attachment of the homologous strain of N. gonorrhoeae (T1) to tissue cells. The percentage of Rhesus monkey kidney cells with gonococci attached was 38.9% +/- 6.4. Inhibition was significant (P less than 0.01) when compared to the inhibitory effect of preinstillation IgG (73.5% +/- 3.1) or buffer control )76.8% +/- 2.8). Absorption of postinstillation IgG with rabbit anti-goat IgG or whole cell gonococci removed the inhibitory effect. Postinstillation IgG gave little or no inhibition of attachment (maximun 13%) of seven heterologous (T1) strains of N. gonorrhoeae to tissue cells. These results may provide a reason for recurrent gonococcal infection in humans despite the presence of circulating antibody (IgG) to N. gonorrhoeae. Such an antibody, if present in secretions bathing the mucosa, may fail to prevent infection and colonization of the urogenital tract by a different immunotype of N. Gonorrhoeae.

Antibody production in milk serum of goats experimentally infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Instillation of the goat's mammary gland with Neisseria gonorrhoeae colony type T1 has elicited and antibody response in the goat milk serum (GMS). Purification, and characterization of the GMS by gel filtration, electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, analytical ultracentrifugation, and serological analyses demonstrated thtat the active immune component was mainly in the IgA and IgG fractions (F2 and F3) of GMS.

The goat mammary gland as a model infection site for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Live and formalin-killed gonococci were instilled into the mammary glands of lactating and nonlactating goats. In lactating goats viable gonococci elicited a limited inflammatory process whereas in non-lactating goats, severe inflammation and swelling appeared and peaked on the 3rd day after instillation and persisted for about 10 days. No viable gonococci were recovered after the first day, but fluorescent antibody staining showed gonococci in the exudate from non-lactating goats up to 7 days after instillation.

Antibody production in milk serum after antigen instillation of the goat mammary gland. IX. Sham infection studies with Neisseria meningitudis L.C.D.C. 608B.

Specific immune globulins have been prepared in goat milk in response to the intramammary gland instillation of Neisseria meningitidis 608, serogroup B strain. Isolation, purification, and characterization of the goat whey by gel filtration, electrophoresis, and analytical ultracentrifugation demonstrated that the active immune component resided in the IgA class of globulins, specifically 9.2-S IgA. The potential of the lactating mammary gland as a "biological factory" for the large-scale production of diagnostic antiserum to killed bacterial whole cell antigen is described.

Antibody production in milk serum after virus instillation of goat mammary gland VI. "Sham infection" with special reference to rabies.

The ERA strain of rabies vaccine virus failed to propagate or cause clinical manifestations when instilled into the mammary gland of lactating goats. However, the virus did produce neutralizing antibodies in this gland as a result of repetitive viral stimulation, a "sham infection". The protective property of the concentrated and partly purified milk serum antibody was assessed in mice. In the first trial, protective activity was observed when a single dose of milk serum antibody was administered at intervals up to three days after exposure to virulent rabies virus. In the second trial, using a more concentrated milk serum antibody, about half of the mice were protected when the milk serum was administered up to ten days after exposure to virulent virus.

Antibody production in milk serum after virus instillation of goat mammary gland. IV. Experiments with protective properties of specific influenza antibody associated with lactogammaglobulin.

The protective property of specific antibody against influenza PR8 associated with lactogammaglobulin was investigated. The antibody was given to groups of mice by the intramuscular and respiratory routes before exposure to adapted virus contained in aerosols of two concentrations, one being capable of killing all unprotected mice. A temporary, but well-marked, passive immunity was demonstrated in those receiving antibody intramuscularly; if a second injection was given later, resistance was prolonged. A second respiratory challenge of concentrated adapted virus given to survivors three weeks later revealed evidence of immunity. Antibody given by the respiratory route gave varying results. When given once, either a fleeting protection or protection which led to an active immunity followed. This appeared to depend on whether a degree of propagation within the lung took place for several days after challenge. When antibody was given daily and propagation failed to take place, only a temporary immunity resulted and the mice were unprotected against another challenge.