[Experimental evaluation of prospects for the use of beta-lactams in plague infection caused by pathogens with plasmid resistance to penicillins]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka perspektiv ispol'zovaniia betalaktamov pri chumnoi infektsii, vyzvannoi vozbuditelem s plazmidnoi ustoichivost'iu k penitsillinam.

High therapeutic efficacies of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and azthreonam in the treatment of experimental plague induced by beta-lactamase-producing strains of the plague microbe containing R plasmids RP-1, R57b and R40a were shown to correlate with their in vitro antibacterial activities. The therapeutic efficacy of sulbactam/ampicillin was recorded in the treatment of plague induced by the strain containing R plasmids R57b and R40a (the treatment course of 7 days). However, it was lower when the infection was due to the strain containing plasmid RP-1 (beta-lactamase TEM-2). Cefoperazone was not active in the treatment of experimental plague induced by the strains containing plasmids RP-1 and R57b (beta-lactamases TEM-2 and OXA-3). Ceftriaxone versus the antibiotics tested was considered to be the drug of choice for the etiotropic therapy of plague induced not only by the type strains of the plague microbe but also by its variants with the plasmid pattern resistance to penicillins.

[A comparative study of fluoroquinolones and 3rd-generation cephalosporins in the prevention and treatment of experimental plague caused by Yersinia pestis strains typical and serologically atypical with respect to F1]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie ftorkhinolonov i tsefalosporinov III pokoleniia v profilaktike i lechenii éksperimental'noi chumy, obuslovlennoi tipichnym i serologicheski atipichnym po F1 shtammami chumnogo mikroba.

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone) were comparatively studied in the prevention and treatment of experimental plague in albino mice caused by F1+ and F1- strains of the plague microbe. Despite the phenotype of the strain which caused the infection, the drugs were highly efficient in the etiotropic therapy. However, in the experimental plague due to F1- strains it was needed to use the maximum mean daily doses of the fluoroquinolones, cefoperazone and cefotaxime. For the prevention of the infection such doses should be used for not less than 7 days. By the efficacy ceftriaxon was superior to the other cephalosporins and should be considered as a drug of choice.

[Third generation cephalosporins (cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone) in the prevention and treatment of experimental plague in albino mice]. / Tsefalosporiny tret'ego pokoleniia (tsefoperazon, tsefotaksim, tseftazidim, tseftriakson) v profilaktike i lechenii éksperimental'noi chumy belykh myshei.

Strains of the plague microbe of different origin were found to by highly susceptible to the third generation cephalosporins such as cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. The MICs ranged form 0.012 to 0.5 microgram/ml. A comparative study on the efficacy of the 3rd generation cephalosporins in the treatment of experimental plague in albino mice revealed that the use of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in the therapy of etiotropic plague was promising. Ceftriaxone, an antibiotic with prolonged action, which was the most efficient in the experiments on the laboratory animals was shown to be the drug of choice among the 3rd generation cephalosporins.

[Comparative effectiveness of rifampicin for parenteral administration and internal dose in the treatment of experimental plague in albino mice]. / Sravnitel'naia éffektivnost' rifampitsina dlia parenteral'nogo vvedeniia i priema vnutr' pri lechenii éksperimental'noi chumy belykh myshei.

The therapeutic effects of parenteral and oral rifampicins were studied comparatively in a model of experimental plague of albino mice infected subcutaneously and by aerosol. The study showed that in a dose of 25 mg/kg rifampicin was highly efficient in the treatment of the albino mice with experimental glandular plague when the drug was administered either parenterally or orally for 7 days (100-percent survival). The parenteral rifampicin was advantageous when used in lower doses (6.25-12.5 mg/kg) or for a shorter period (3-5 days): 70-100-percent survival against not more than 30 per cent with the oral administration of the drug. It was especially evident when the animals were infected by aerosol. The results made it possible to recommend rifampicin injections in the treatment of the most severe forms of pneumonic plague.

[The characteristics of cholera prevalence and of the performance of epidemic-control measures in small settlements of Dagestan]. / Osobennosti rasprostraneniia kholery i provedeniia protivoépidemicheskikh meropriiatii v nebol'shikh naselennykh punktakh Dagestana.

The present work deals with summarizing the experience obtained by the specialized antiepidemic brigade of the Rostov-on-Don Research Institute for Plague Control in the work on the liquidation of cholera in some regions of Daghestan with a view to discussing the problems of improvement of anticholera measures. The characteristic features of the epidemic process were its explosive character, sparseness of the foci of infection, the prevalence of its transmission through everyday contacts (family contacts and intensive tribal contacts) and essential delays in taking anticholera measures due to sudden appearance of outbreaks, remoteness of small settlements and the lack of manpower and means for carrying out anticholera measures at a given place and time, as well as delays in epidemiological analysis carried out by local health service bodies. Delays in carrying out such measures led to the spread of infection both within settlements and in the whole region and further in the republic. The epidemic process was complicated by the antibiotic resistance of V.cholerae strains circulating on this territory. All these factors formed specific epidemic situation which introduced amendments into the organization of anticholera measures.

[Cefoperazone in the prevention and treatment of experimental plague caused by typical and fraction-free pathogen strains in white mice]. / Tsefoperazon v profilaktike i lechenii éksperimental'noi chumy belykh myshei, vyzvannoi tipichnym i besfraktionnymi shtammami vozbuditelia.

The high susceptibility of the plague microbe to cefoperazone (MIC of 0.1-0.25 microgram/ml) did not depend on the causative agent ability to produce fraction I. Cefoperazone, a 3rd generation cephalosporin, was highly active in the treatment of experimental plague caused by the plague microbe strain typical in the antigen composition: the drug daily dose of 250-500 mg/kg provided an 80-100 percent survival of the albino mice. The efficacy of cefoperazone lowered when the infection was caused by the strain defective in the capsule antigen. The use of the antibiotic for more prolonged periods provided better results of the etiotropic therapy.

[Beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, cefotaxime) in prevention of experimental plague in albino mice, caused by non-fractioned strains of the pathogen]. / Betalaktamnye antibiotiki (ampitsillin, tsefotaksim) v profilaktike éksperimental'noi chumy belykh myshei, vyzvannoi besfraktsionnymi shtammami vozbuditelia.

The prophylactic action of betalactam antibiotics such as ampicillin and cefotaxime in plague was studied on albino mice infected subcutaneously by Fra+ (Y. pestis 231) and Fra- (Y. pestis 231 Fra-, K-16) variants of the plague microbe. Ampicillin, a semisynthetic penicillin, was prophylactically less active in experimental plague infection induced by the fraction I defect forms of Y. pestis. Cefotaxime, a 3rd generation cephalosporin, was active in experimental plague induced by both the type and the fraction-free strains of Y. pestis.

[Effectiveness of new quinolones in experimental aerogenic plague infection of albino mice]. / Effektivnost' novykh khinolonov pri aérogennoi éksperimental'noi chume belykh myshei.

It was shown that unlike nalidixic acid the 3rd generation quinolones i.e. the nitrogen-containing quinolones (LIB-71 and LIB-80) and the fluorine-containing quinolones (pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin) were highly efficient in the prophylaxis and treatment of experimental plague in albino mice infected via the plague microbe inhalation. By the ED50 the efficacy of pefloxacin was 25-30 times higher than that of nalidixic acid and 60-90 times higher than that of ciprofloxacin. The fluorine-containing quinolones proved to be more active than the nitrogen-containing ones.