ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to analyze scientific quality and content of female urethroplasty videos on YouTube. METHODS: We searched YouTube using the "female urethroplasty", "female urethral stricture", and "urethroplasty" keywords on February 22, 2022. The quality and content of videos were analyzed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and Female Urethroplasty-Specific Checklist Score (FUSCS) which was developed by our clinic. Video analysis was performed by two independent urologists. The relationship between the video characteristics and GQS and FUSCS was examined. RESULTS: A total of 38 videos were analyzed. Fourteen (36.8%) videos were uploaded by academic sources such as urology societies and universities/hospitals, while 24 (63.2%) videos were uploaded by urologists. The median GQS was 3 (range, 2-4) and the median FUSCS was 8 (range, 5-9) for all videos. The Cohen's kappa was 0.834 for GQS and 0.899 for FUSCS, indicating a high level of agreement between the observers. The median GQS was 4 (range, 4-5) and the median FUSCS was 9 (range, 8-10) for academic videos, indicating a statistically significantly higher scores than the urologists videos (p = .002 and p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Academic videos on female urethroplasty on YouTube have adequate scientific quality and content for both patients and healthcare professionals. The number of videos by academic sources on female urethroplasty should be increased and individuals should be encouraged to search such videos on search engines.
Subject(s)
Social Media , Urethral Stricture , Humans , Female , Urethral Stricture/surgery , Video Recording , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there is an association between blood eosinophil count and percentage with the recurrence of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) during Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) maintenance therapy with our preliminary results. METHODS: A total of 53 patients with NMIBC underwent BCG immunotherapy between January 2015 and September 2018, and met our inclusion criteria were included in the study. The parameters age, gender, smoking status, comorbidity, blood neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, blood eosinophil percentage, previous single postoperative intravesical chemotherapy instillation, tumor characteristic, and total and maintenance dose numbers of BCG were extracted from our medical records and compared between patients with response and with recurrence. RESULTS: Blood eosinophil count and percentage were significantly higher in patients with recurrence compared to patients with response (0.263 ± 0.37 vs. 0.0134 ± 0.021, p = 0.01 and 0.31 ± 0.29 vs. 0.17 ± 0.27, p = 0.01). Other parameters were similar in patients with recurrence and response. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed a considerable diagnostic value of blood eosinophil count and percentage in the prediction of bladder cancer recurrence during BCG immunotherapy. CONCLUSION: Blood eosinophil count and percentage in patients with NMIBC can predict the disease recurrence during the BCG immunotherapy. Our research raised new questions and assumptions about the role of eosinophils during BCG immunotherapy.
Subject(s)
BCG Vaccine/immunology , Eosinophils/immunology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Administration, Intravesical , Comorbidity , Disease Progression , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Immunotherapy/methods , Lymphocytes/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/immunology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to collect information on the bacterial resistance to antibiotics of bacteria isolated from urine cultures of patients treated for upper urinary tract calculi. Data of patients with urinary tract infection and urolithiasis were retrospectively reviewed to collect information on age, gender, stone size, location, hydronephrosis, procedure of stone removal and antibiotic treatment, identification and susceptibility of pathogens, symptoms, and infectious complications. A total of 912 patients from 11 centers in 7 countries (Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, North Macedonia, Spain, and Turkey) were studied. Mean age was 54 ± 16 years and M/F ratio 322/590. Out of 946 microbial isolates, the most common were E. coli, Gram-positive, KES group (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia), Proteus spp., and P. aeruginosa. Carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin showed low resistance rates to E. coli (2.5%, 7%, and 3.6%) and Proteus spp. (7.7%, 16%, and 7.4%), but higher rates were observed with Klebsiella spp., P. aeruginosa, and Gram-positive. Fosfomycin had resistance rates less than 10% to E. coli, 23% to KES group, and 19% to Gram-positive. Amoxicillin/clavulanate, cephalosporins, quinolones, and TMP/SMX showed high resistance rates to most bacterial strains. High rates of antibiotic resistance were observed in patients candidate to stone treatment from South-Eastern Europe. The empirical use of antibiotics with low resistance rates should be reserved to the most serious cases to avoid the increase of multidrug resistant bacteria. Basing on our results, carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam, and amikacin may be a possible option for empiric treatment of urinary stone patients showing systemic symptoms.