Faunipollenites Bharadwaj 1962 and Protohaploxypinus Samoilovich 1953 emend. Morbey 1975: morphologic comparison of oxidized and non- oxidized specimens from India and Brazil, and its taxonomic importance.

Faunipollenites Bharadwaj is considered a junior synonym of Protohaploxypinus Samoilovich emend. Morbey. However, Indian workers claim it is a valid genus due to a poorly defined corpus and absence of folds in distal attachment. In India, a standard method is applied including the oxidization with HNO3 more than 48 hours (+10' of KOH). We analyze the effects of that treatment on the morphology of pollen grains of both genera in samples from the Permian of India and Brazil. The same samples are also processed with HCl, HF, two hours of HNO3 and 2' of KOH and slides are mounted after each step. Our analysis reveals that distinct or indistinct central body and presence/absence of folds in distal attachment do not change in contrast to the indistinct central body and mostly absence of folds from samples that underwent a longer period of oxidization (24-48 hours and KOH 10'). The synonymization of Faunipollenites to Protohaploxypinus is confirmed. Species of Faunipollenites are reassigned to the revised species of Protohaploxypinus. The usage of the latter genus and its species in Permian biostratigraphic studies of India will improve Gondwanan correlations and paleobiogeographic reconstructions in future studies.

Morphology of the megaspore Lagenoisporites magnus (Chi and Hills 1976) Candilier et al. (1982), from the Carboniferous (lower Mississippian: mid-upper Tournaisian) of Bolivia.

The morphology and structure of megaspores assigned to Lagenoisporites magnus from the Toregua Formation, Retama Group, mid-upper Tournaisian of Bolivia were studied. The analysis was performed with light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Megaspores were laterally compressed and presented a spherical body with a proximal gula, of the hologula type. Gula had verrucae ornamentation and the spore body presented complex processes consisting of a bulbous base and an internally partitioned projection with sharp apex. In addition to this main ornamentation, perforations were present throughout the spore surface. Megaspores showed well marked curvaturae perfectae due to the abrupt transition existing between the gula ornamentation and the spore body processes. These megaspores were assigned to heterosporous arborescent lycopsids of the Lepidocarpaceae family, as in section view, exospore structure presented a three-dimensional network of fused elements. Likewise, due to a similarity found between sporoderm and Isoetes L. structure, it is evident that megaspores structure has remained intact inside the heterosporous lycopsids. Therefore; the L. magnus structure not only would confirm its affinity with the Lycophyta fossils but also with the living ones.