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1.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(5): 368-375, mayo 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-194544

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La ivabradina es un inhibidor de la corriente If, principal determinante de la función marcapasos del nódulo sinusal, aprobado como antianginoso y para tratar la insuficiencia cardiaca. Existen indicios sobre su capacidad para inhibir la conducción a través del nódulo auriculoventricular (NAV). Sobre esta base, el proyecto BRAKE-AF plantea el uso de ivabradina como agente cronotrópico negativo en fibrilación auricular (FA). MÉTODOS: Se realizará un ensayo clínico multicéntrico de fase III, aleatorizado, abierto, en paralelo, con diseño de no inferioridad, para comparar la ivabradina frente a la digoxina en 232 pacientes con FA permanente no controlada con bloqueadores beta o antagonistas del calcio; el objetivo primario es la reducción de la frecuencia cardiaca media diurna en un Holter de 24 h a los 3 meses. El ensayo se apoyará en un estudio electrofisiológico que analizará el efecto de la ivabradina en el potencial de acción del NAV humano, utilizando un modelo experimental en células de ovario de hámster chino transfectadas con el ADN que codifica la expresión de los distintos canales que componen dicho potencial de acción, registrando las corrientes iónicas mediante la técnica del parche de membrana. RESULTADOS: Se obtendrá información tanto del efecto de la ivabradina en las corrientes iónicas y el potencial de acción del NAV como de su eficacia y su seguridad en pacientes con FA permanente. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados del proyecto BRAKE-AF podrían permitir que la ivabradina se incluyera en el limitado arsenal de fármacos disponibles actualmente para el control de frecuencia en la FA


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Ivabradine is an inhibitor of the If channel, the main determinant of the pacemaker function of the sinus node. The drug has been approved for the treatment of angina and heart failure. There is some evidence of its role as an inhibitor of atrial-ventricular node (AVN) conduction. The aim of the BRAKE-AF project is to assess ivabradine use for rate control in atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: A multicenter, randomized, parallel, open-label, noninferiority phase III clinical trial will be conducted to compare ivabradine vs digoxin in 232 patients with uncontrolled permanent AF despite beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. The primary efficacy endpoint is the reduction in daytime heart rate measured by 24-hour Holter monitoring at 3 months. This clinical trial will be supported by an electrophysiological study of the effect of ivabradine on the action potential of the human AVN. To do this, an experimental model will be used with Chinese hamster ovarium cells transfected with the DNA encoding the expression of the t channels involved in this action potential and recording of the ionic currents with patch clamp techniques. RESULTS: New data will be obtained on the effect of ivabradine on the human AVN and its safety and efficacy in patients with permanent AF. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the BRAKE-AF project might allow inclusion of ivabradine within the limited arsenal of drugs currently available for rate control in AF


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Young Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ivabradine/pharmacology , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology , Digoxin/pharmacology , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Patch-Clamp Techniques , Action Potentials , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Heart Rate/drug effects
2.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 73(5): 368-375, 2020 May.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31631048

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Ivabradine is an inhibitor of the If channel, the main determinant of the pacemaker function of the sinus node. The drug has been approved for the treatment of angina and heart failure. There is some evidence of its role as an inhibitor of atrial-ventricular node (AVN) conduction. The aim of the BRAKE-AF project is to assess ivabradine use for rate control in atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: A multicenter, randomized, parallel, open-label, noninferiority phase III clinical trial will be conducted to compare ivabradine vs digoxin in 232 patients with uncontrolled permanent AF despite beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. The primary efficacy endpoint is the reduction in daytime heart rate measured by 24-hour Holter monitoring at 3 months. This clinical trial will be supported by an electrophysiological study of the effect of ivabradine on the action potential of the human AVN. To do this, an experimental model will be used with Chinese hamster ovarium cells transfected with the DNA encoding the expression of the t channels involved in this action potential and recording of the ionic currents with patch clamp techniques. RESULTS: New data will be obtained on the effect of ivabradine on the human AVN and its safety and efficacy in patients with permanent AF. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the BRAKE-AF project might allow inclusion of ivabradine within the limited arsenal of drugs currently available for rate control in AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03718273.


Subject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use , Digoxin/therapeutic use , Heart Rate/drug effects , Ivabradine/therapeutic use , Equivalence Trials as Topic , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Treatment Outcome
3.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 141(7): 279-286, oct. 2013.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-116162

ABSTRACT

Fundamento y objetivos: El principal objetivo terapéutico en la fibrilación auricular (FA) es la prevención del ictus. Estudiamos la adecuación del tratamiento antitrombótico y la estrategia terapéutica adoptada respecto a las Guías Clínicas, así como las características de los pacientes atendidos en atención primaria. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal, multicéntrico, en pacientes atendidos en centros de salud de toda España. Muestreo bietápico por comunidades y centros de salud. Participaron 185 médicos de familia, cuyos pacientes fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente. Resultados: De 3.759 pacientes con FA aleatorizados centralizadamente, se evaluaron 2.070 (entrevista e historia clínica) con una edad media de 74 (11) años (50,7% mujeres), presentando la mayoría (78%) FA permanente asociada a frecuente comorbilidad (hipertensión 75%, obesidad 30%, diabetes 27%, insuficiencia cardiaca 20%, cardiopatía isquémica 17% y riesgo social 15%). En atención primaria se diagnosticaron más pacientes asintomáticos (36%; p < 0,001) que en el ámbito hospitalario. Se adoptó una estrategia de control de frecuencia en 4 de cada 5 pacientes. Se observó una amplia utilización de la anticoagulación oral (84%), mayor en pacientes con FA permanente frente a no permanente (91 frente al 60%; p < 0,001). El seguimiento era principalmente realizado en atención primaria (72%), presentando un 66% de los pacientes su último international normalized ratio (INR, «razón normalizada internacional») en rango terapéutico, que descendía al 33% al considerar los 3 últimos INR (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La proporción de pacientes con FA que reciben anticoagulación en atención primaria es elevada, sin embargo, el control del INR resulta subóptimo. La estrategia adoptada es el control de frecuencia en la mayoría de los casos. La estratificación del riesgo embólico debería sustituir al tipo de arritmia en la decisión terapéutica (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 141(7): 279-86, 2013 Oct 05.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23683967

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The main therapeutic objective in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients is stroke prevention. This study is aimed to determine whether the anticoagulant therapy may be appropriate regarding to the Guidelines and patients' profile in primary healthcare in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A national, multicenter, cross-sectional study of AF patients attended in primary healthcare in Spain has been conducted. The study involved 185 family physicians whose patients were randomized. RESULTS: A total of 3,759 AF patients were randomized from the clinical records, and 2,070 were included in the study, at an average age of 74 (11) years old (50.7% female). Most of them (78%) had permanent AF and high comorbidity rates (hypertension 75%, obesity 30%, diabetes 27%, heart failure 20%, coronary heart disease 17%, and social risk 15%). Patients diagnosed in primary healthcare were more frequently asymptomatic than in hospital setting (36%; P<.001). The therapeutic strategy was based on the heart rate control in 4 out of 5 patients. Anticoagulation therapy was widely used (84%), more frequently in patients with permanent vs. non-permanent AF (91 vs. 60%, P<.001). Follow-up and monitoring was mainly performed in primary care (72%). The anticoagulation control was suboptimal, with a 66% of the international normalized ratio (INR) in therapeutic range, dropping to 33% when the last 3 available INR were included (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of patients with anticoagulant therapy in primary healthcare has been found in this research. INR control, however, remains suboptimal. Heart rate control is the most commonly used strategy. The decision about the anticoagulation should be based on the thromboembolic risk rather than in the arrhytmia type.


Subject(s)
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Disease Management , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular/statistics & numerical data , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Electric Countershock/statistics & numerical data , Female , Guideline Adherence , Humans , International Normalized Ratio , Male , Middle Aged , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Management , Spain/epidemiology , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/prevention & control
5.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(4): 363-375, abr. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99686

ABSTRACT

En el año 2009 se llevaron a cabo en España 2.343 procedimientos de ablación con catéter de aleteo, taquicardia macrorreentrante atípica o taquicardia auricular focal, con un crecimiento del 8% sobre el año anterior, lo que da una idea de la importancia clínica de estas arritmias. La clasificación tradicional que distingue la taquicardia auricular del aleteo auricular basándose en criterios de frecuencia y morfología de ondas ha dejado de ser relevante, en un momento en que el desarrollo de la electrofisiología clínica puede permitir una intervención curativa sobre la arritmia, basada en su mecanismo, y se hace muy necesario acercar la experiencia del laboratorio a la clínica. En esta revisión se dibuja el panorama actual de los mecanismos de taquicardias auriculares, tanto focales como reentrantes, procurando establecer lazos con los conceptos clásicos que permitan al clínico enfrentarse a los diagnósticos diferenciales y hacer las indicaciones correctas de tratamiento, incluido el estudio electrofisiológico. Algunos de los conceptos expuestos son complejos, pero creemos que es necesario apuntar la perspectiva de los métodos electrofisiológicos que permiten dibujar las bases anatómicas de las arritmias, que hoy resultan más fácilmente comprensibles gracias a la construcción de moldes anatómicos con sistemas computarizados de navegación (AU)


In 2009, 2343 catheter ablation procedures were performed in Spain for focal atrial tachycardia or atrial flutter (typical and atypical), with a yearly growth rate of 8%, indicating the clinical importance of these arrhythmias. The classic categorization of atrial tachycardia and atrial flutter based on rate and morphological criteria has become almost irrelevant at a time when clinical electrophysiology may lead to curative intervention based on a definition of the mechanism, making it necessary to bring laboratory experience closer to clinical practice. In this review we outline our present understanding of atrial tachycardia mechanisms, both focal and macroreentrant, and attempt to establish the conceptual links with classic concepts that may help the clinician to make a differential diagnosis and establish therapeutic indications, including that of an electrophysiologic study. Some of the concepts may seem complex, but we thought it important to provide an overview of the electrophysiological methods that may eventually lead to the description of the anatomic bases of the arrhythmias; currently, these are easier to understand thanks to the virtual anatomic casts built using computerized navigation systems (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Atrial Flutter/physiopathology , Atrial Function/physiology , Cardiac Electrophysiology/instrumentation , Cardiac Electrophysiology/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrocardiography , Tachycardia/physiopathology , Tachycardia , Cardiac Electrophysiology/organization & administration , Cardiac Electrophysiology/standards , Cardiac Electrophysiology/trends
6.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 65(4): 363-75, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22364957

ABSTRACT

In 2009, 2343 catheter ablation procedures were performed in Spain for focal atrial tachycardia or atrial flutter (typical and atypical), with a yearly growth rate of 8%, indicating the clinical importance of these arrhythmias. The classic categorization of atrial tachycardia and atrial flutter based on rate and morphological criteria has become almost irrelevant at a time when clinical electrophysiology may lead to curative intervention based on a definition of the mechanism, making it necessary to bring laboratory experience closer to clinical practice. In this review we outline our present understanding of atrial tachycardia mechanisms, both focal and macroreentrant, and attempt to establish the conceptual links with classic concepts that may help the clinician to make a differential diagnosis and establish therapeutic indications, including that of an electrophysiologic study. Some of the concepts may seem complex, but we thought it important to provide an overview of the electrophysiological methods that may eventually lead to the description of the anatomic bases of the arrhythmias; currently, these are easier to understand thanks to the virtual anatomic casts built using computerized navigation systems.


Subject(s)
Atrial Flutter/therapy , Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial/therapy , Ablation Techniques , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Atrial Flutter/diagnosis , Atrial Flutter/drug therapy , Atrial Flutter/physiopathology , Electric Stimulation , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Electrophysiology , Humans , Spain , Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial/physiopathology
7.
Rev. esp. cardiol. Supl. (Ed. impresa) ; 7(supl.G): 69g-81g, 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-166331

ABSTRACT

Desde que en los años cincuenta se introdujo la estimulación cardiaca como tratamiento de las bradiarritmias cardiacas, el marcapasos cardiaco implantable ha sufrido una progresiva sofisticación y un continuo intento de aproximación, en su funcionamiento, a la fisiología normal del corazón. Al mismo tiempo, las indicaciones para implantación de un marcapasos han ido variando durante los últimos años y se han consensuado por expertos en documentos (Guías de Actuación Clínica) basados en la experiencia y en el índice de evidencia existente para cada indicación. A pesar de ello, siguen evidenciándose discrepancias entre estas indicaciones claramente establecidas y el modo de estimulación utilizado para el tratamiento de las bradiarritmias sintomáticas. Probablemente, los dos modos que ofrecen más discrepancia en su utilización sean los modos AAI y VDD. En este capítulo se realiza una revisión de las indicaciones de estimulación cardiaca, resaltando las nuevas evidencias existentes en cuanto al modo de estimulación, lugar de estimulación y efectos indeseables de la estimulación cardiaca. Asimismo, se analiza la controversia existente sobre la estimulación AAI y la estimulación DDD en la enfermedad del nódulo sinusal y la utilización del modo VDD en el bloqueo auriculoventricular (AU)


Since cardiac pacing was introduced for the treatment of cardiac bradyarrhythmias in the 1950s, implantable cardiac pacemakers have become increasingly sophisticated and there have been continuous attempts to enable them to approximate more closely the normal physiologic functioning of the heart. At the same time, indications for pacemaker implantation have been changing in recent years and a number of expert consensuses have been reached. These are contained in documents (i.e., clinical practice guidelines) based on clinical trails and on the current level of evidence for each indication. Nevertheless, there continue to be demonstrable differences between clearly established recommendations and the pacing modes used for treating symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. Probably, the two pacing modes exhibiting the greatest difference in practice are the AAI and VDD modes. This article contains a review of indications for cardiac pacing, with an emphasis on newly revealed data on pacing modes, pacing sites, and the undesirable side effects of cardiac pacing. In addition, there is a discussion of current controversies about the AAI mode versus the DDD mode in sick sinus syndrome and about use of the VDD mode for atrioventricular block (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bradycardia/therapy , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Arrhythmia, Sinus/therapy , Sick Sinus Syndrome/therapy , Sinoatrial Node/radiation effects , Sinoatrial Node , Tachycardia, Sinus/therapy , Atrioventricular Node/radiation effects , Atrioventricular Node , Biological Clocks/physiology , Pacemaker, Artificial/trends
8.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(7): 932-939, jul. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2864

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. La ablación mediante radiofrecuencia de la taquicardia ventricular requiere buena tolerancia de la taquicardia durante el mapeo y el encarrilamiento, lo que limita su aplicación. Presentamos nuestra experiencia inicial de ablación de taquicardia ventricular durante ritmo sinusal en 7 pacientes con infarto inferior previo. Métodos. Se incluyen 7 varones de 56-70 años (media ñ DE: 65 ñ 4,5). Seis tenían taquicardia ventricular hemodinámicamente inestable y en 1 se inducía no sostenida. La cicatriz se localizó por registro de electrogramas fragmentados de bajo voltaje ( 60 episodios de taquicardia. Tras un seguimiento de 3-22 meses (13,8 ñ 5,9), un paciente falleció por insuficiencia cardíaca a los 20 meses y otro recibió 3 descargas de desfibrilador por taquicardia ventricular a los 13 meses. En el resto no se ha producido caso de taquicardia ventricular, síncope o muerte súbita. Conclusiones. Esta experiencia preliminar sugiere que la ablación con radiofrecuencia del sustrato de taquicardia ventricular postinfarto en ritmo sinusal es posible, lo que podría hacerla aplicable a la mayoría de los pacientes con taquicardia ventricular sostenida postinfarto (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Male , Humans , Catheter Ablation , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Myocardial Infarction , Electrocardiography
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