New Year's greeting and overview of World Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2021.

Although the whole world has been suffering under the Coronavirus Disease 2019 epidemic, the World Journal of Clinical Oncology (WJCO) was able to productively direct our efforts in the field through 2020. This was only accomplished through the collective efforts and support of our Editorial Board members, peer reviewers, authors, readers and editorial office staff. In 2020, the WJCO published 12 issues encompassing 84 papers, a 115.4% increase over 2019 (39 papers). In December of 2020, we strategized a plan to solicit even more high-quality contributions for WJCO in 2021. So far, we have registered and accepted 188 manuscript titles, including 132 reviews and 56 original articles. In the New Year, we will work with our internal and external colleagues who care about and support the development of WJCO with the express aim of improving the academic rank of WJCO in the field of oncology. Ultimately, our goal is to merit and gain inclusion in the Science Citation Index Expanded, with the first impact factor being awarded as soon as possible.

Telementoring in education of laparoscopic surgeons: An emerging technology.

Laparoscopy, minimally invasive and minimal access surgery with more surgeons performing these advanced procedures. We highlight in the review several key emerging technologies such as the telementoring and virtual reality simulators, that provide a solid ground for delivering surgical education to rural area and allow young surgeons a safety net and confidence while operating on a newly learned technique.

An evaluation framework for defining the contributions of telestration in surgical telementoring.

BACKGROUND: An increasing quantity of research in the domain of telemedicine show a growing popularity and acceptance of care over distance systems among both clinicians and patients. We focus on telementoring solutions, developed for providing remote guidance to less experienced surgeons. Telestration is often regarded as an extra functionality of some telementoring systems. However, we advocate that telestration must be viewed as a core feature of telementoring due to its advantages. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and define concepts, parameters, and measurement procedures to evaluate the impact of using telestration while telementoring. METHODS: A systematic review of research dealing with telestration during remote guidance sessions was performed by querying three major online research databases (MEDLINE, Association of Computing Machinery, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) using a predefined set of keywords ("laparoscopy", "annotate", "telestrate", "telestration", "annotation", "minimally invasive", and "MIS"). RESULTS: The keyword-based search identified 117 papers. Following the guidelines for performing a systematic review, only 8 publications were considered relevant for the final study. Moreover, a gap in research defining the impacts of telestration during telementoring was identified. To fill this niche, a framework for analyzing, reporting, and measuring the impacts of telestration was proposed. CONCLUSIONS: The presented framework lays the basics for the structured analysis and reporting of telestration applied to telementoring systems. It is the first step toward building an evidence knowledge base documenting the advantages of live video content annotation and supporting the presented connections between the concepts.

Telemedical technologies in urological cancer care: past, present and future applications.

Since the initial development of telegraphy by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1837 and the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1875, doctors have been able to convey medical information across great distances. The exchange and sharing of medical information has evolved and adapted to suit the vast array of today's medicine. Early adopters of telemedicine within clinical practice have gained significant health economic benefits. The arrival of wireless connections has further enhanced the possibilities for all clinical work with focus on diagnosis, treatment and management of urological cancers, as highlighted in this article.

A giant heterogeneous abdominoscrotal mass: haemorrhagic hydrocele.

A hydrocele is a collection of fluid in the space surrounding the testicle between the layers of the tunica vaginalis. Occasionally the scrotal hydrocele may extend through the inguinal canal, deep inguinal ring, and into the abdomen as an abdominoscrotal hydrocele. Traditionally, abdominoscrotal hydrocele have been evaluated and diagnosed with US. However if a relationship between the abdominal mass and the hydrocele is not clearly defined by sonography, the traditional modality for imaging the abdomen and the scrotum such as CT or MRI, should be considered because it can be difficult to clearly delineate the anatomy and the full extent of the abnormality. We present a rare case of a giant hemorrhagic abdominoscrotal hydrocele in a 24 year old man that required an elective operative laparotomy for complete excision of the abdominolscrotal mass.

Transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for metachronous contralateral adrenal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: We report a case of metachronous solitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the contralateral adrenal gland treated by laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old man presented to our institution for regular follow up, 2 years after a right radical nephrectomy with preservation of the ipsilateral adrenal gland, for a primary renal cell carcinoma. The patient remained asymptomatic but an abdominal computed tomography scan on follow up revealed a 6.5 x 4 cm2 mass in the left adrenal gland. A positron emission tomography scan was also performed to rule out other possible metastases, and a magnetic resonance imaging scan was used for accurate localization and determination of resectability of the adrenal tumour. A bone scan, metabolic screen, liver and renal function tests were all within normal limits. A laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy was then performed. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day two. The patient remains in satisfactory condition and no recurrence or adrenal insufficiency has been observed during 12 months follow up. CONCLUSION: Metachronous contra lateral adrenal metastases from primary renal cell carcinoma are very rare but should always be suspected in any nephrectomised patient presenting with an adrenal tumour. Regular follow up in these patients accompanied with computed tomography imaging may help the surgeon to detect early lesions. Laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy is feasible, safe and effective, with minimal trauma to the patient.

Transdermal oxybutynin: a review.

Overactive bladder is a common and disabling problem. The mainstay of pharmacological treatment is with oral anticholinergic drugs. Anticholinergic side effects are common and include dry mouth and constipation. Compliance is limited by these side effects. Transdermal administration of oxybutynin has been shown to be as effective as oral treatment while minimising the anticholinergic side effects. Skin reactions occur frequently, necessitating changes of application site. Despite this, the preparation is a useful element in the armamentarium to treat overactive bladder. It is likely to be particularly useful in those in whom side effects of oral medication are intolerable or in whom oral administration of drug is not possible. Here, the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of transdermal oxybutynin are reviewed.