Tips and tricks in renal artery angioplasty and stenting: angiography, stent placement, embolic protection, complications, and contrast induced nephropathy.

Patient selection and a thorough understanding of the technical aspects of percutaneous transluminal renal artery stent placement (PTRS) are paramount to obtaining optimal outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review renal artery angiography and stent placement techniques. Tips and tricks for successful procedural outcome are described. The potential role of embolic protection devices is discussed and practices for avoiding complications including contrast induced nephropathy are reviewed.