Satisfaction with justice and desire for revenge in survivors of the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York City's World Trade Center.

This study investigated gaps in existing knowledge on justice, desire for revenge, and associated factors in disaster research through data collected nearly three years post disaster on justice and revenge from survivors of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks. A volunteer sample of 379 employees of eight affected businesses completed interviews and self-report questionnaires. Individual ratings on satisfaction with justice and desire for revenge were compared with demographic characteristics, disaster-related experience, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), disaster-related distress, anger, and concerns about danger and safety. High levels of desire for revenge and relatively low levels of satisfaction with accountability for perpetrators of the 9/11 attacks were endorsed. Most of the associations between the justice scores and the revenge score with the disaster response variables were directionally consistent. Dissatisfaction with perpetrator accountability was associated with greater desire for revenge. Both of these variables were associated with greater concerns about danger and endorsement of security regulations at the expense of personal freedoms.

Mohs micrographic surgery: history, technique, and advancements.

Mohs micrographic surgery is an excision technique that has been widely adapted as the recommended treatment for basal and squamous cell carcinomas and other skin cancers. It was developed by Frederic E. Mohs in the 1930s and has since advanced in its methods and applications. Mohs developed the practice in the process of determining a method to treat various neoplasms. Mohs micrographic surgery is a modality that involves serial excision of a tumor followed by microscopic evaluation of the tissue. It is a complicated surgical technique that involves scrupulous training and constant adaptation. It has greatly expanded since its inception to include new imaging techniques such as immunohistochemistry and confocal mosaicing microscopy. Further advancements include its application to other medical specialties, such as otolaryngology. This technique began as a revolutionary practice but has since become the standard treatment for a variety of skin cancers.