ABSTRACT
The development of nanotechnology, in particular metal oxide nanoparticles, has captured immense scientific attention in the global arena due to their unique properties leading to their unique diverse applications. But the use of toxic precursors and high operational cost make existing methodologies inefficient for synthesising metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs). Biogenic synthesis of MONPs has been hailed as a more sustainable approach for the synthesis of NPs due to its alignment with the principles of green chemistry. Microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, algae), animal sources (silk, fur, etc.), and plants are effective, low-cost, and eco-friendly means of synthesizing MONPs since they possess a high bio-reduction abilities to produce NPs of various shapes and sizes. The current review encompasses recent advancements in the field of plant-mediated MONP synthesis and characterisation. The detailed evaluation of various synthesis processes and parameters, key influencing factors affecting the synthesis efficiency and product morphology, practical applications with insight into the associated limitations and challenges presents a valuable database that will be helpful in developing alternative prospects and potential engineering applications.
ABSTRACT
It is a matter of serious concern that the number of case reports pointing at a possible association between the clinical toxicity and the use of Ayurveda formulations is increasing significantly over the years in scientific medical literature. Though most of these cases are connected with the presence of heavy metals such as lead, mercury and arsenic in these formulations, there are also reports suggesting toxicity due to the presence of toxic chemicals of herbal origin. In the year 2008, the Government of India took an initiative of establishing the National Pharmacovigilance Programme for Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani drugs in a structured way. However, due to lack of sustained support, this program has now become defunct. This issue is of vital importance and needs to be addressed effectively on a priority basis. In this communication, we propose the following crucial policy interventions to be introduced at different levels: a. Amendments to Drug and Cosmetic Act, b. Issuing consumer guidelines, c. Issuing prescription guidelines, d. Issuing clinical monitoring guidelines, e. Implementation of good manufacturing guidelines, f. Promoting documentation of clinical safety, g. Identifying the sources of contamination, and, h. Provision for stringent punishment. If these policy interventions are taken up and implemented, a significant positive change in the scenario can be expected in the near future.