ABSTRACT
Thrips parvispinus is a serious sucking pest on a number of economically important crops in the oriental region. It has gained importance recently for its drastic range extension distribution as an invasive pest. Here, the complete mitochondrial genome (15,067 bp) of Thrips parvispinus was sequenced and characterized. It possesses 37 genes and the putative noncoding region is duplicated. Comparative analyses of nucleotide diversity, skewness, codon usage bias, and selection pressure in mitochondrial protein-coding genes of the available 31 thrips mitogenomes (24 Terebrantia + 7 Tubulifera) were performed. Phylogenetic analysis showed a sister relationship of T. parvispinus to the clade (T. florum + T. hawaiiensis). Phylogenetic analyses formed the monophyly of subfamilies Phlaeothripinae and Idolothripinae within the family Phlaeothripidae (Suborder Tubulifera). Low nucleotide diversity was indicative of reversal of strand asymmetry in the Tubulifera. Neutrality analysis showed that directional mutation plays a major role in shaping codon usage bias in both suborders. Principal component analysis indicated distinct codon usage patterns in each suborder. Our data suggested weaker selection constrains on Terebrantia than in the Tubulifera. More tubuliferan mitogenomes are required to resolve previous classification hypotheses and elucidate genome evolution in these two suborders.
Subject(s)
Genome, Mitochondrial , Thysanoptera , Animals , Thysanoptera/genetics , Phylogeny , Base Sequence , NucleotidesABSTRACT
Frankliniella genus-group is one of the most important group in the sub-family Thripinae comprising, more than 270 species in nine genera. A morphological-based cladistic analysis of genus-level relationships within this group was performed, based on 54 morphological character states for 26 species, including Thrips physapus as an outgroup. This analysis recovered Pseudanaphothrips as monophyletic and sister-group to a group of five Old World genera: Firmothrips, Kakothrips, Parabaliothrips, Sitothrips and Yaobinthrips. It also showed a sister relationship between eight species of Poaceae-associated Old World species in Frankliniella plus Iridothrips, and a group of five New World species in Frankliniella and Guerothrips. As a result, Iridothrips is here considered a new synonym of Frankliniella, and Frankliniella insolitum sp. n. is described from northern India. A key to the six species of Frankliniella recorded from India is also provided. Images and notes of F. unicolor Morgan based on a paratype of the synonym F. andropogoni Moulton & Andre are also provided.
Subject(s)
Thysanoptera , Animals , India , PoaceaeABSTRACT
Psephenothrips uttarakhandensis sp. n. is described and illustrated from India. Also, Neohydatothrips xestosternitus (Han Cui) is newly recorded from India. The DNA barcode data using partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) from the holotype of the new species and one sequence of Neohydatothrips xestosternitus were generated and submitted to The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD).
Subject(s)
Thysanoptera , Animals , India , Mitochondria , Thysanoptera/geneticsABSTRACT
Gut bacteria play a crucial role in the several metabolic activity of the insects. In the present work, effort has been made to decipher the gut microbiota associated with the developmental stages of Gynaikothrips uzeli a gall inducing thrips along with their predicted functional role. Further, an effort has been made to correlate the bacterial communities with plant pathogenesis and thelytoky behaviour of G. uzeli. Findings obtained revealed that genus Arsenophonus dominated the total bacterial diversity and was transmitted vertically through the developmental stages. Further, it was observed that the high abundance of genus Arsenophonus promotes the thelytoky behaviour in G. uzeli and results in the killing of males. Furthermore, strong connecting link between Arsenophonus abundance and gall induction in F. benjamina was observed in the current dataset. G. uzeli being in the category of phloem sucking insect was known for the induction of galls and the current findings for the first time unveiled the facts that high abundance of genus Arsenophonus a well-known plant pathogen may be one of the major reason for inducing galls in F. benjamina. Moreover, PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that predicted functional pathways like biosynthesis of amino acids, and metabolism of carbon, nitrogen, carbohydrates and amino acids (e.g. Arginine, Alanine, Aspartate, Glutamate, Proline, Cysteine, Methionine, Glycine, Threonine, and Serine) were frequently noticed in profiles associated with all the developmental stages of G. uzeli. More to this, the high abundance of Arsenophonus in G. uzeli suggest that representatives of this genus may be resistant and/or tolerant to different antibacterial agents, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides (e.g. quercetin). The correlation of bacterial diversity in pathogenicity can be extrapolated in different pest and vector species of other arthropods.
ABSTRACT
Mycterothrips nainiae sp. n. (Thripinae) is described and illustrated from India, and one genus and species, Paithrips circularis Nonaka and Jangvitaya, is newly recorded from India. A key to species of Mycterothrips from India is also provided. The DNA barcode data using partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) from the holotype also five sequences of Paithrips circularis were generated.
Subject(s)
Thysanoptera , Animals , India , MitochondriaABSTRACT
Oneilliella shivii sp.n. (Panchaetothripinae) is described from India as the second species in this genus. Trachynotothrips brevispinis and T. striatus (Thripinae) are newly recorded from India, and the first description provided of the female of T. brevispinis. Partial sequence data of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (mtCOI) of these species were generated.
