Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Boronate Esters via CeO2-Catalyzed Borylation of Alkyl and Aryl Electrophiles Including Alkyl Chlorides.

A recyclable protocol using a CeO2-nanorod catalyst for borylation of alkyl halides with B2pin2 (pin = OCMe2CMe2O) is reported. A wide range of synthetically useful alkyl boronate esters are readily obtained from primary and secondary alkyl electrophiles, including unactivated alkyl chlorides, demonstrating broad utility and functional group tolerance. Preliminary investigation revealed an involvement of in situ formed catalytically active boryl species. The catalyst can be reused for up to six runs without appreciable loss in activity. In addition, we have demonstrated the use of this recyclable catalyst for the borylation of aryl halides with B2pin2, providing valuable aryl boronate esters under neat conditions.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Novel-Risk Factors Associated with Supraspinatus Tendon Tear.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Several patient-related factors have been identified which are responsible for the development of rotator cuff tears. The purpose of the study was to assess various parameters which can be risk factors for the development of supraspinatus tendon tear. METHODS: A total of 100 patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tear, aged > 18 years, of either gender, presenting to the outpatient department were included in this cross-sectional study. Magnetic resonance imaging was done and based on its results; patients were identified for the type of tear. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors affecting the tears were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Factors such as age, gender, pain radiation, night pain, and analgesic intake had significant association with supraspinatus tendon tears. CONCLUSION: "Pain radiation" and "Analgesic intake" were two new parameters found associated with the supraspinatus tendon tears. New parameters that have been assessed as risk factors will help in better understanding of supraspinatus tendon tears.

Simultaneous Bilateral Femoral Neck Stress Fracture in a Young Stone Mason.

Unilateral stress fractures of the femoral neck are very uncommon and bilateral involvement is even rarer. They commonly occur in athletes, military recruits, older persons, or individuals with underlying metabolic disorders and very seldom in normal individuals. We present a rare case of simultaneous bilateral fracture neck of femur in a 25-year-old man who came with complaints of pain in bilateral groin for 1 month. There was no history of trauma or history suggestive of excessive activity prior to the onset of pain, but there was history of lifting heavy weights daily. On evaluation with MRI scan bilateral fracture of the femur neck was diagnosed and patient was operated on bilaterally with internal fixation done using dynamic hip screw. Patient then regained his routine activity over a period of 6 months and on follow-up at 1 year no avascular necrosis changes were seen in the femur head. We presented this case because of its unusual presentation and the diagnostic challenge it poses.

A Rare Case Report of A Young Male Patient Presenting with Osteoblastoma of the Talus.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoblastoma is a rare (incidence <1%) benign locally aggressive osteoblastic lesion of bone with rare malignant transformation. Benign osteoblastoma is the term used by Jaffe to denote an uncommon neoplasm of bone characterized by vascular osteoid and bone forming matrix rich in osteoblasts. CASE REPORT: Here we report a case of osteoblastoma of talus in eighteen year old male patient from Bijapur with complaints of pain and difficulty in walking for one year. Relevant investigations and radiographs were taken. It was treated with wide excision and bone grafting from ipsilateral ilium and talo-navicular fusion with cannulated cancellous screw fixation. Histopathology of the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Patient was immobilized with below knee plaster cast for six weeks later with gradual mobilization. Guarded weight bear was allowed after three months. Patient achieved satisfactory range of movements and full weight bear mobilization after six months. Symptoms relieved with no evidence of any recurrence in one year follow up. CONCLUSION: Osteoblastoma of talus is a rare benign tumor, if suspected surgical wide excision and talo-navicular fusion with cannulated cancellous screw fixation, with bone grafting is the better treatment of choice. The condition can only be confirmed after histopathological examination.