A comprehensive study of p53 protein.

The protein p53 has been extensively investigated since it was found 43 years ago and has become a "guardian of the genome" that regulates the division of cells by preventing the growth of cells and dividing them, that is, inhibits the development of tumors. Initial proof of protein existence by researchers in the mid-1970s was found by altering and regulating the SV40 big T antigen termed the A protein. Researchers demonstrated how viruses play a role in cancer by employing viruses' ability to create T-antigens complex with viral tumors, which was discovered in 1979 following a viral analysis and cancer analog research. Researchers later in the year 1989 explained that in Murine Friend, a virus-caused erythroleukemia, commonly found that p53 was inactivated to suggest that p53 could be a "tumor suppressor gene." The TP53 gene, encoding p53, is one of human cancer's most frequently altered genes. The protein-regulated biological functions of all p53s include cell cycles, apoptosis, senescence, metabolism of the DNA, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and immunological response. We tried to unfold the history of the p53 protein, which was discovered long back in 1979, that is, 43 years of research on p53, and how p53's function has been developed through time in this article.

Comparison of clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone and serratiopeptidase for reduction of postoperative sequelae after lower third molar surgery.

BACKGROUND: Surgical removal of mandibular third molars results in some degree of post-operative pain, swelling and trismus. These can be controlled by proper administration of local anesthesia, careful bone removal, minimal trauma to adjacent soft tissues and administration of methylprednisolone and serratiopeptidase drugs. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of methylprednisolone and serratiopeptidase in controlling post-operative pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The subjects were divided into two groups of 50 patients each undergoing surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Group A was given methylprednisolone 4mg orally every 8th hourly and Group B was given serratiopeptidase 10 mg every 12th hourly orally. Post-operatively pain, swelling and trismus were evaluated at the end of 1st, 3rd and 5thday. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that methylprednisolone is an effective analgesic, while serratiopeptidase has moderate analgesic activity. Serratiopeptidase is more effective than methylprednisolone in controlling post surgical swelling and trismus. Hence combination of these two drugs would be very effective than individual drug when widespread post-operative sequelae are expected after surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that methylprednisolone affords better pain relief while serratiopeptidase exerts better anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling effects in the post-operative period. Synergistic combinations of these two drugs would however prove to be more effective when extensive post-operative sequelae are expected. Key words:Methylprednisolone, serratiopeptidase, pain, swelling, trismus, third molar.

Brown tumour of posterior maxilla associated with polydactyly, syndactyly and cardiac anomalies: a unique case report.

Brown tumour [BT] is an uncommon, non neoplastic complication of Hyperparathyroidism [HPT]. Skeletal changes are the main consequences of this endocrine condition. HPT manifest in three categories. Primary HPT is due to hyperfunction of one or more parathyroid gland, causing an increase of parathyroid hormone secretion resulting in hypercalcemia. Secondary HPT occurs due to chronic renal failure, decreased vitamin D production or with hypocalcemia. Tertiary HPT occurs when the parathyroid activity turns autonomous and excessive, leading to hypercalcemia. BT occurs frequently in the mandible than the maxilla. They are more common in women aged over 50y and majority of BT are asymptomatic. Radiographically, it appears as well defined radioluceny. The gross specimen usually shows a brown or reddish-brown colour. We report a relatively rare combination of maxillary posterior BT as a clinical manifestation of secondary HPT due to vitamin D deficiency with polydactyly, syndactyly and cardiac anomalies.