ABSTRACT
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are superior cluster of nanomaterials that are recently recognized for their different applications in various pharmaceutical and clinical settings. The objective of this work deals with novel method for biosynthesis of AgNPs using Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract as reducing agent. These bio and chemical synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with the help of UV-vis Spectroscopy, Nanotarc, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential (ZP), Transmission Electron Microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The obtained results from Nanotrac and TEM revealed that the synthesized AgNPs possess spherical shape with a mean diameter at 94nm for green and 104nm for chemical method, the zeta potential values was -12.02mV for green AgNPs and -10.4mV for chemical AgNPs. In addition, FT-IR measurement analysis was conceded out to identify the Ag+ ions reduced from the specific functional groups on the AgNPs, which increased the stability of the particles. Further, we compared the toxicities of green and chemical AgNPs against human skin dermal fibroblast (HDFa) and brine shrimp followed by anticancer activity in NCI-H460 cells. We observed green AgNPs cause dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further, we proved to exhibit excellent cytotoxic effect and induction of cellular apoptosis in NCI-H460 cells. Furthermore, green AgNPs had no significant changes in cell viability, ROS production and apoptotic changes in HDFa cells. In contrary, we observed that the chemical AgNPs possess significant toxicities in HDFa cells. Hence, the green AgNPs were able to induce selective toxicity in cancer cells than the chemical AgNPs. Furthermore, green AgNPs exhibit less toxic effects against human red blood cells and brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii than the chemical AgNPs. It was concluded, that apart from being superior over chemical AgNPs, the green AgNPs are effective and safer to the milieu as they show less toxic effect to normal cells and can be extensively applied in biomedical sciences particularly in cancer field.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemical synthesis , Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis , Green Chemistry Technology/methods , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Silver/chemistry , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Artemia , Azadirachta , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cell Survival/physiology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Leaves , Silver/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The current study summarizes a unique green process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by simple treatment of silver nitrate with aqueous extract of Ammania baccifera. Phytosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by various advanced analytical methods and studied for its use against infections associated with burns. Formation of AgNPs was observed by visual color change from colorless to dark brown and confirmed by UV-visible characteristic peak at 436 nm. Zeta potential, particle size and polydispersity index of nano-silver were found to be -33.1 ± 1.12, 112.6 ± 6.8 nm and 0.3 ± 0.06 respectively. XRD spectra revealed crystalline nature of AgNPs whereas TEM confirmed the presence of mixed morphology of AgNPs. The overall approach designated in the present research investigation for the synthesis of AgNPs is based on all 12 principles of green chemistry, in which no man-made chemical other than the silver nitrate was used. Synthesized nano-silver colloidal dispersion was initially tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against a panel of organisms involved in infections associated with burns (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)). MIC and MBC were found to be in range of 0.992 to 7.93 and 7.93 to 31.75 µg/mL respectively. MBC was used for formulation of AgNP gel and tested for its efficacy using agar well diffusion method against PA, SA and MRSA. Comparative bactericidal efficacy of formulated gel (0.03% w/w) and marked formulation Silverex™ ionic (silver nitrate gel 0.2% w/w) showed equal zone of inhibition against all pathogenic bacteria. Formulated AgNP gel consisting of 95% lesser concentration of silver compared to marketed formulation was found to be equally effective against all organisms. Hence, the formulated AgNP gel could serve as a better alternative with least toxicity towards the treatment presently available for infections in burns.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Silver/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Burns/metabolism , Burns/microbiology , Burns/pathology , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Gels/chemistry , Green Chemistry Technology , Humans , Lythraceae/chemistry , Lythraceae/metabolism , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Particle Size , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Silver Nitrate/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Surface Plasmon ResonanceABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To develop and validate specific and accurate UV spectrophotometric method of cefpodoxime proxetil by using different hydrotropic solubilizing agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study deals with spectrophotometric analysis of cefpodoxime proxetil by utilizing 4 different hydrotropic agents such as ammonium acetate (6 M), sodium citrate (1.25 M), sodium gycinate (1 M), sodium chloride (1 M), and urea (1 M). RESULTS: From different hydrotropic agents, urea showed best aqueous solubility of cefpodoxime proxetil. The linearity was observed in the concentration range of 10-120 µg/ml. The method was validated and found to be precise. Accuracy (percent recovery) for cefpodoxime proxetil was found to be 99.82 ± 0.106. CONCLUSION: Urea as hydrotropic agent showed best aqueous solubility of cefpodoxime proxetil, which can be used as solubilizing agent. The proposed method is new, simple, safe, eco-friendly, economic, accurate, and cost-effective and can be successfully employed in routine analysis.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The present research work discusses the development of a UV estimation method for lafutidine. Simple, accurate, cost efficient, and reproducible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Lafutidine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Stock solution was prepared in a mixture of water and methanol (1:1). Further dilutions were made in water. RESULTS: The drug was determined at maximum wavelength (λmax) 279 nm. Beers law was obeyed in the concentration range of 10-50 µg/ml having line equation y = 0.0100x + 0.035 with correlation coefficient of 0.999. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery study. CONCLUSION: The result of analysis was validated as per ICH guidelines and this method can be used for the routine analysis of lafutidine formulation.
