ABSTRACT
Global developmental delay (GDD) refers to a disturbance in an individual child across one or more developmental domains, which include motor, cognition, daily activities, speech and language. The present case discusses a 5-year-old child with GDD associated with infantile spasms treated with sodium valproate. Delay in the widespread acquisition of skills, epilepsy and poor oral hygiene with gingival enlargement was the main concern to seek medical aid. This case is special as the child was suffering from GDD associated with sodium valproate-induced gingival enlargement.
Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Gingival Hyperplasia/chemically induced , Spasms, Infantile/diagnosis , Spasms, Infantile/drug therapy , Valproic Acid/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Developmental Disabilities/therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gingival Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Gingival Hyperplasia/therapy , Humans , Infant , Neurologic Examination , Oral Hygiene , Physical Therapy Modalities , Tooth Loss/chemically induced , Tooth Loss/diagnosis , Tooth Loss/therapy , Valproic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three commercially available intense sweeteners against two common periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three commercially available intense sweeteners namely saccharin, aspartame and sucralose were obtained and powdered. Necessary concentrations of the sweeteners were prepared by mixing them with an inert solvent. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using agar well diffusion technique. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: All the three sweeteners showed significant antimicrobial activity against the periodontal pathogens tested. Sucralose containing sucralose showed maximum zone of inhibition, against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Saccharin and aspartame containing saccharin and aspartame respectively, showed maximum zone of inhibition, against Porphyromonas gingivalis. CONCLUSION: All the sweeteners used in this study have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. Therefore, these sweeteners could be recommended as an ideal alternative to sucrose. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dental caries and periodontal diseases are ubiquitous diseases of mankind caused by microorganisms. Dental caries is caused by sucrose. By altering the source like intense sweetener we can combat caries as well as with its antimicrobial properties against periodontopathic bacteria, we can reduce prevalence of periodontal diseases.
