ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of subclinical cardiotoxicity following anthracycline treatment for childhood cancer varies according to the method used for its detection. The aim of the study was to document the prevalence of left ventricular myocardial mass (LVM) reduction and its possible association with plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in asymptomatic children treated with anthracyclines. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen asymptomatic children who had received anthracyclines during their treatment for cancer were evaluated. They had received an equivalent of doxorubicin dose 240 mg/m2 (22-1200 mg/m2) on average 3.9 years (0.6-8.3) before (median age at diagnosis 3.8 years). The LVM was determined by M-Mode echocardiography and compared to the expected value, obtained from the regression equation of LVM on height of a group of 160 healthy children. Additionally the patients' plasma NT-pro BNP levels were determined. RESULTS: A high prevalence of reduced LVM associated with increased NT-proBNP levels was found. The average LVM value was -14.4% (+/-4.9) lower than expected whereas fourteen patients (73%) had a lower LVM than predicted. The NT-pro BNP levels in patients with reduced LVM were significantly higher than those measured in patients without LVM reduction (0.316+/-0.02 versus 0.17+/-0.01 pmol/ml respectively, p=0.009). A cut off NT-pro BNP level of 0.2 pmol/ml could differentiate patients with LVM reduction from those with normal or greater than expected LVM. CONCLUSION: The association of higher NT-proBNP levels with reduced LVM in asymptomatic children after anthracycline administration could be an early indication of subclinical cardiotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Anthracyclines/adverse effects , Doxorubicin/adverse effects , Heart Diseases/chemically induced , Heart Ventricles/drug effects , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Peptide Fragments/blood , Adolescent , Anthracyclines/pharmacology , Anthracyclines/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapyABSTRACT
The ratio of early (Ep) to late (Ap) color M-mode Doppler flow propagation through the left ventricle helps in the differentiation between normal and pseudonormal (PSN) filling pattern in patients with preserved systolic function. We studied the value of this index in the assessment of diastolic dysfunction for patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function. We studied 80 patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and 50 control subjects. According to echocardiography 53 patients had abnormal relaxation and 27 had PSN pattern. Patients had reduced Ep (P < .001) and Ep/Ap ratio (P < .001) and increased Ap (P = .001) compared to controls. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that Ep followed by Ep/Ap ratio (both P < .001) were the best determinants for the discrimination of PSN from normal filling pattern. Ep/Ap ratio, this novel echo-index, increases the diagnostic accuracy of color M-mode Doppler in discriminating normal from PSN filling pattern in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/complications , Diastole , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiologyABSTRACT
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most frequent congenital heart disease in adults, with equal distribution in both sexes, and has an incidence of about 20% in children. In adults congenital VSDs represent about 10% of all cases and the mortality at age 60 is around 75%. For elderly patients >80 years old only one living case has been reported previously. Here we describe an 86-year-old patient, totally asymptomatic, with a muscular type of VSD that showed interesting, canal-like echocardiographic images.
Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Monitoring, Physiologic , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Although heart failure (HF) is characterized by increased proinflammatory cytokines, natriuretic peptide levels and impaired exercise capacity, the effect of concomitant diastolic dysfunction on those parameters has not been adequately studied. METHODS: We analyzed circulating levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and its soluble receptors, sTNFRI and sTNFRII, Nt-ANP and Nt-BNP natriuretic peptides in 81 patients, aged 56+/-12 years, with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDC), LVEF 29.7+/-7.75% and functional NYHA class II-III. An echocardiographic study and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPE) were performed in all patients. RESULTS: Patients were divided into restrictive (24 patients, group I) and non-restrictive (57 patients, group II) groups, according to their transmitral-filling pattern. No differences in LV dimensions or LVEF were found between the two groups. Group I showed increased levels of IL-6 (P=0.006), TNF-alpha (P=0.05), sTNFRII (P=0.02), Nt-ANP (P<0.001) and Nt-BNP (P<0.001) and decreased exercise duration (P<0.001) and PVO(2) (P<0.001) compared to group II. The strongest independent predictors for restrictive filling pattern were Nt-ANP and IL-6 levels, while Nt-BNP levels were the strongest PVO(2) predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Restrictive filling pattern implying greater diastolic dysfunction may contribute to increased cytokine production in the heart failure syndrome, as well as greater increases in natriuretic peptides and decreased exercise tolerance.
