Environmental and agronomic assessment of soil conditioners produced from bauxite residue and oil palm wastes.

Soil conditioner is class of products used to enhance physics, physicochemical or soil biological activities, being able to recover disturbed or nutritional unbalanced soils. The formulation of a soil conditioner composed by bauxite residue (BR), and organic oil palm wastes, as raw materials, was recently proposed as an innovative strategy for the Brazilian acid soils amendment. Here we show the results of soil conditioner amended soil leaching tests and agronomical performance. The soil conditioners were formulated by BR mixed with decomposed POC (palm oil compost) and non-decomposed POMW (palm oil mill waste) oil palm wastes, in the proportion of 25% BR + 75% POC (T1) and 50% BR + 50% POMW (T2), in addition to the treatment with 100% POMW without BR (T3) and limestone at a dose calculated to raise soil pH to 6.0 (T4). Except for T4, all conditioners were applied to the soil at doses of 40, 80, and 120 t ha-1 for leaching tests. The experimental plots were composed of polyvinyl chloride columns, filled with 5 kg of soil, with bottles adapted with hoses at the bottom to facilitate drainage of the leachate. After leaching tests, the respective columns were used as pots for the cultivation of Brachiaria grass, stage with addition of a control composed by undisturbed soil (T5). The pH of the leachates had changes, but the use of BR associated with POMW was similar to the use of limestone. Of the 65 chemical elements evaluated, only nine were identified in the leachate, being most of them considered as plant nutrients. As for soil pH, limestone was slightly higher (6.6) than treatments that had BR (5.5). Brachiaria grass cultivated in the soil amended with conditioners showed similar results of limestone treated soil for the parameters of plant development and showed fertility improvement.

Comparison of two acidophilic sulfidogenic consortia for the treatment of acidic mine water.

Sulfate-reducing bioreactors are a biotechnological alternative for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). In this study, two separate bioreactors with pH and temperature-controlled (Bio I and II) were operated with two different acidophilic microbial consortia to determine their efficiencies in sulfate removal from a synthetic acidic mine water. The bioreactors were operated for 302 days in continuous flow mode under the same parameters: fed with a sulfate solution of ∼30 mM with a pH of 2.5, the temperature at 30°C, stirred gently at 40 rpm and using a continuous stream of nitrogen to help remove the H2S produced in the bioreactor. The glycerol consumption, acetate production, and sulfate removal were monitored throughout the course of the experiment. The community composition and potential metabolic functional groups were analyzed via 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing. Bio I consortium reduced the sulfate, achieving a range of sulfate concentration from 4.7 to 19 mM in the effluent liquor. The removal of sulfate in Bio II was between 5.6 and 18 mM. Both bioreactors' communities showed the presence of the genus De sulfosporosinus as the main sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Despite differences in microbial composition, both bioreactors have similar potential metabolism, with a higher percentage of microorganisms that can use sulfate in respiration. Overall, both bioreactors showed similar performance in treating acidic mine water containing mostly sulfate using two different acidophilic sulfidogenic consortia obtained from different global locations.

Bauxite residue valorization - Soil conditioners production through composting with palm oil mill residual biomass.

Bauxite residue (BR) is a by-product of Bayer process, which is applied for alumina production. Due to its inherent alkalinity and sodicity, the use of BR is globally limited to 23% of the 150 million tons (Mt) produced annually. Maximizing alternative and large-scale uses of BR is a game changer to promote the sustainability of the aluminum production chain. As a strategy for BR valorization, a soil conditioner composed of BR and palm oil residual biomass was proposed. Here we evaluate the BR (25%, 50% and 75%) batch composting with raw palm oil mill waste (POMW) and palm oil compost (POC). The pH, EC, total N and organic carbon, C:N ratio, water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), granulometry and elemental composition were determined after 90 days of composting. Changes in temperature, pH and EC curves were observed during composting of soil conditioners for 90 days. Composting reduced the alkalinity and sodicity of BR, increasing CEC, moisture, organic carbon and total nitrogen. The formulation containing 25% of BR and 75% of POC showed WHC ≥ 60% and CEC ≥ 200 mmolc·kg-1, meeting the Brazilian legislation for production and commercialization of soil conditioners. This strategy could potentially consume 7.6% of all BR produced annually in the largest Brazilian alumina refinery. Concentrations of potentially toxic elements were far below the allowable levels in all formulations. Major and minor plant nutrients were present and the composting aggregated small particles in BR. Composting of BR is a new alternative for the valorization of mining tailings, allowing the development of an environmentally friendly and zero-waste product, which can be applied on a large scale in agriculture to improve soil fertility.

Wound healing activity of lectin isolated from seeds of Centrolobium microchaete Mart. ex Benth. on cutaneous wounds in mice.

This study aims to evaluate the wound healing potential of lectin isolated from the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete (Mart. ex Benth) (CML) on cutaneous wounds in mice. CML did not show cytotoxicity on murine dermal fibroblasts (L929 cell line). The wounds treated with CML (200 µg/mL) showed a decrease in area within 12 days post-operative (P.O.) when compared to control. On 3rd and 7th day P.O., the CML-treated group exhibited fibroblast proliferation and neovascularization. On 12th day P.O., complete restructuring of the epithelial layer and connective tissue was observed in the CML-treated group, whereas control groups exhibited incomplete reepithelialization. CML treatment enhanced the wound closure via the wound contraction process, resulting in the restructuring of the skin layers on 12th day P.O. In conclusion, CML induced a fast and efficient wound healing, suggesting that it can be used as a promising therapeutic tool to heal acute wounds.

A multiagent coronavirus model with territorial vulnerability parameters

We developed a simple and user-friendly simulator called MD Corona that is based on a multiagent model and describes the transmission dynamics of coronavirus for a given location considering three setting parameters: population density, social-isolation rate, and effective transmission probability. The latter is represented by the Coronavirus Protection Index (CPI) - a measurement of a given territorys vulnerability to the coronavirus that includes characteristics of the health system and socioeconomic development as well as infrastructure. The dynamic model also relies on other real epidemiological parameters. The model is calibrated by using immunity surveys and provides accurate predictions and indications of the different spread dynamic mechanisms. Our simulation studies clearly demonstrate the existence of multiple epidemic curves in the same city due to different vulnerabilities to the virus across regions. And it elucidates the phenomenon of the epidemic slowing despite a reduction in social-distancing policies, understood as a consequence of "local protection bubbles." The simulator can be used for scientific outreach purposes, bringing science closer to the general public in order to raise awareness and increase engagement about the effectiveness of social distancing in reducing the transmissibility of the virus, but also to support effective actions to mitigate the spread of the virus.

Optimized protocol for multigram preparation of emodin anthrone, a precursor in the hypericin synthesis.

Emodin reduction to emodin anthrone comprise one of three process steps involved in the hypericin synthesis, a powerful natural photosensitiser found in plants of the genus Hypericum. In this communication, an optimized protocol was established for emodin reduction enabling an efficient multigram preparation of emodin anthrone. A screening of reducing agent (SnCl2·2H2O and HClconc) under different reaction times was employed in micro-scale and monitored by electronic absorption spectroscopy technique. Data showed lower yields of emodin anthrone when some experimental conditions previously described in the literature were reproduce. However, using the optimized protocol for the emodin reduction these yields were overcoming, and a gram-scale supply experiment was reproducible for the preparation of 10 grams of emodin anthrone with excellent yield.

Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using erythrosine/methylene blue combination on Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has demonstrated promising results in the treatment of several clinical pathologies through the photochemical reaction caused by the combination of a photosensitizer and a light source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the combination of the photosensitizers (PSs) erythrosine/methylene blue activated by a white halogen light device on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. METHODS: Two separate experiments were conducted, the first using the PSs at the concentration of 100 µM, and the second 250 µM. The PSs were tested on S. mutans biofilms cultured for 24 h in isolation, in combination, with and without light activation for 2 min fractionated in 4 periods of 30 s. After treatment, biofilms were diluted and plated on BHI medium and incubated for 24 h for colony forming units (CFU) counting. The results (log10) were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The erythrosine/methylene blue combination activated by white halogen light at 100 and 250 µM, and erythrosine at 250 µM, methylene blue at 250 µM presented significantly reduced cell counts (3.2 log10, 5.3 log10, 4.5 log10, 4.3 log10, respectively) when compared to controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PDT with the combination of erythrosine/methylene blue demonstrated better results that the PSs in isolation regardless of the concentration. The use of this combination at the concentration of 250 µM shows promise as an antibacterial treatment for carious lesions and should be further assessed.

Behavioral and neurochemical effects of alpha lipoic acid associated with omega-3 in tardive dyskinesia induced by chronic haloperidol in rats.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is characterized by involuntary movements of the lower portion of the face being related to typical antipsychotic therapy. TD is associated with the oxidative imbalance in the basal ganglia. Lipoic acid (LA) and omega-3 (ω-3) are antioxidants acting as enzyme cofactors, regenerating antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed to investigate behavioral and neurochemical effects of supplementation with LA (100 mg/kg) and ω-3 (1 g/kg) in the treatment of TD induced by chronic use of haloperidol (HAL) (1 mg/kg) in rats. Wistar male rats were used, weighing between 180-200 g. The animals were treated chronically (31 days) with LA alone or associated with HAL or ω-3. Motor behavior was assessed by open-field test, the catalepsy test, and evaluation of orofacial dyskinesia. Oxidative stress was accessed by determination of lipid peroxidation and concentration of nitrite. LA and ω-3 alone or associated caused an improvement in motor performance by increasing locomotor activity in the open-field test and decreased the permanence time on the bar in the catalepsy test and decreased the orofacial dyskinesia. LA and ω-3 showed antioxidant effects, decreasing lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels. Thus, the use of LA associated with ω-3 reduced the extrapyramidal effects produced by chronic use of HAL.

Síndrome mão-pé induzida por capecitabina: relato de caso / Capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome: a case repor / Síndrome mano-pie inducido por capecitabina: relato de caso

A capecitabina é um agente quimioterápico indicado, dentre outros casos, como monoterapia no câncer de mama metastático. A síndrome mão-pé consiste numa das reações adversas associadas ao seu uso e caracteriza-se por eritema doloroso, edema, disestesia, descamação, bolhas e úlceras nas regiões palmar e plantar. Objetivou-se descrever o caso de uma paciente portadora de carcinoma de mama esquerda com metástase hepática que apresentou síndrome mão-pé decorrente do tratamento com capecitabina. Trata-se de um relato de caso ocorrido num hospital universitário de um estado do nordeste do Brasil em 2016. Foi necessária a suspensão do protocolo antineoplásico utilizado. Observou-se remissão parcial dos sintomas após o uso do gel de Aloe vera para o tratamento das áreas afetadas. Ressalta-se a importância do relato para conhecimento dessa reação adversa, facilitando sua identificação e manejo, para promover melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente oncológico (AU).

Capecitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent indicated, among other things, as monotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Hand-foot syndrome is one of the adverse effects associated with its use and is characterized by painful erythema, edema, dysesthesia, desquamation, blistering and ulcers in the palms and soles. This study presents a case report on a patient with left-sided breast cancer metastasized to the liver, who suffered from capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome. The patient was being treated at a university hospital in a state in the Northeast of Brazil in 2016. Her antineoplastic protocol had to be suspended. After the use of Aloe vera gel to treat the affected areas, there was a partial remission of symptoms.It is important to expand knowledge about this adverse reaction, facilitating its identification and management, in order to improve quality of life in cancer patients (AU).

La capecitabina es un agente quimioterápico indicado, entre otros casos, como monoterapia en cáncer de mama metastático. El síndrome mano-pie consiste en una de las reacciones adversas asociadas a su uso, caracterizada por eritema doloroso, edema, parestesia, descamación, ampollas y úlceras en regiones palmar y plantar. Se objetivó describir el caso de una paciente con carcinoma en mama izquierda, con metástasis hepática presentando síndrome de mano-pie derivado del tratamiento con capecitabina. Relato de caso ocurrido en hospital universitario de estado del Noreste brasileño en 2016. Fue necesaria la suspensión del protocolo antineoplásico utilizado. Se observó remisión parcial de los síntomas luego de uso de gel de Aloe Vera para tratamiento de las áreas afectadas. Se destaca la importancia del relato para conocimiento de esta reacción adversa, permitiendo su identificación y manejo, promoviendo mejora de calidad de vida del paciente oncológico (AU).

Seroepidemiology ofLeishmaniaspp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil / Soroepidemiologia de Leishmania spp. em equídeos de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the occurrence of Leishmania spp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 257 healthy equids of Uberlândia were assessed for the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. by using the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. Additionally, an epidemiological survey was done to evaluate the possible risk factors (species of equids, age, gender, economic activity, and contact with domestic and wild animals) associated with the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. The total seroprevalence against Leishmania spp. was 24.1% (62/257); representing seroprevalence levels of 22.7% (55/242) in horses, 50% (4/8) in mules, and 42.9% (3/7) in ponies from all regions evaluated. The species of equid was the only factor that contributed to an elevated seroprevalence of Leishmania spp.

RESUMO: O estudo avaliou a ocorrência de Leishmania spp. em equídeos do município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, região Sudeste do Brasil. Amostras de soro foram coletadas de 257 equideos clinicamente saudáveis em Uberlândia, para avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp. pela técnica de reação de imunofluorescência indireta - RIFI. Afora isto, um inquérito epidemiológico foi realizado para avaliar possíveis fatores de risco (espécie, idade, sexo, atividade econômica e contato com animais domésticos e selvagens) associado com a presença de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp. A soroprevalência total contra Leishmania spp. foi 24,1% (62/257), representando 22,7% (55/242) de equinos, 50% (4/8) de mulas e 42,9%(3/7) de pôneis. A variável espécie foi o único fator de risco significativo na soroprevalência da Leishmania spp.

Velhice institucionalizada em tempos pós-modernos: a identidade em universo paralelo? / Old age institutionalized in postmodern times: the identity in parallel universe? / Vejez institucionalizada en tiempos post-modernos: la identidad en universo paralelo?

Objetivos: compreender a experiência subjetiva de idosos diante de sua institucionalização bem como a percepção de sua identidade na sociedade pós-moderna. Método: estudo qualitativo com utilização da observação participante, entrevista semiestruturada e diário de campo, para a produção dos dados. Participaram cinco idosos residentes de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI). Os dados foram analisados a partir dos quatro passos fenomenológicos de Martins e Bicudo. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: Institucionalizado estou: vivendo eu vou, refere-se ao processo de institucionalização do idoso; Resgatando da memória, na qual foram resgatados o trabalho e a identidade de trabalhador e as relações e recordações de um tempo sem volta; e A identidade revisitada, assumindo o mundo interior dos idosos e o contato com a própria realidade, identificando a revisão da identidade. Conclusão: os resultados suscitaram a possibilidade de reconstruções de identidades na velhice institucionalizada, mesmo com os impactos provenientes deste contexto.(AU)

Objectives: to understand the subjective experience of the elderly before their institutionalization as well as the perception of their identity in the postmodern society. Method: a qualitative study using participant observation, semi-structured interviews and field diary, for the production of data. Five elderly residents of a long-stay institution for the elderly (ILPI) participated in the study. Data were analyzed from four phenomenological steps of Martisns and Bicudo. Results: three categories emerged: I am institutionalized: I am living, refers to the elderly institutionalization process; Rescuing memory, which was rescued labor and worker identity and relationships and memories of a time of no return; and The revisited identity, assuming the inner world of the elderly and the contact with the reality, identifying the revision of identity. Conclusion: the results showed the possibility of (re) construction of identities in the institutionalized elderly, despite the impacts from this context.(AU)

Objetivos: comprender la experiencia subjetiva de ancianos frente a su institucionalización así como la percepción de su identidad en la sociedad post-moderna. Método: estudio cualitativo con utilización de la observación participante, entrevista semi-estructurada y diario de campo, para la producción de los datos. Participaron cinco ancianos residentes de una Institución de Larga Permanencia para Ancianos (ILPI). Los datos fueron analizados a partir de los cuatro pasos fenomenológicos de Martins y Bicudo. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías: Institucionalizado estoy: viviendo yo voy, se refiere al proceso de institucionalización del anciano; Rescatando de la memoria, en la cual fueron rescatados el trabajo y la identidad de trabajador y las relaciones y recordaciones de un tiempo sin vuelta; y La identidad revisitada, asumiendo el mundo interior de los ancianos y el contacto con la propia realidad, identificando la revisión de la identidad. Conclusión: los resultados mostraron la posibilidad de (re)construcciones de identidades en la vejez institucionalizada, mismo con los impactos provenientes de este contexto.(AU)

Dinâmica da involução uterina no pós-parto de vacas da raça Guzerá / Dynamics of the uterine involution in postpartum guzerá cows

Com o objetivo de avaliar o processo fisiológico da dinâmica de involução uterina em vacas da raça Guzerá, foram acompanhadas 19 vacas adultas no puerpério fisiológico em seis momentos, no parto e 7, 14, 21, 28 e 42 dias pós-parto (dpp), avaliando os parâmetros vitais, escore de condição corporal, exame ginecológico, avaliação ultrassonográfica e características e odor da secreção vaginal. Aos 42 dpp realizou-se a citologia endometrial pela técnica de cytobrush. Observou-se que aos 21 dpp, 100% das vacas apresentavam o útero na cavidade pélvica e tamanho compatível ao do órgão normal. Aos 42 dpp as vacas apresentaram 42,1% de taxa de ciclicidade e não apresentavam endometrite citológica, o menor resultado encontrado na literatura para raças de bovinos de corte.

The objective was to characterize the dynamic of physiological process of uterine involution in Guzerá cows. Nineteen cows were accompanied in physiological postpartum period, in six moments, partum and 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days in milk (DIM), which were evaluated the vital parameters, body condition score, gynecological examination, ultrasound assessment and evaluation of characteristics and odor of vaginal discharge. It was also collected samples for endometrial cytology by a cytobrush technique at 42 DIM. It was observed that at 21 DIM, showed 100% of the uterine up in the pelvic cavity, with a size compatible to the normal body. Cows didn't have cytological endometritis at 42 DIM, this data is the smallest found in the literature for breeds of beef cattle, and cows had a rate cyclicality of 42.1% at 42 DIM.

Vaginal leiomyosarcoma in a cow from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil / Leiomiossarcoma Vaginal em uma vaca de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil

The clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical findings associated with a vaginal leiomyosarcoma in a 12-year-old, Senepol breed of cow from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais are described. The animal had a large ulcerative neoplastic growth that originated between the base and the left-lateral vaginal wall. Histopathology revealed a tumor formed by muscle-like cells that demonstrated cellular pleomorphism, anisokaryosis, prominent and multiple nucleoli, with rare tumor giant cells. The neoplastic growth invaded adjacent adipose tissue, and contained areas of hemorrhage with discrete accumulations of inflammatory cells. By immunohistochemistry, most neoplastic cells expressed actin, while immunoreactivity to desmin was weakly expressed. These findings support a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, and represent the first description of a bovine vaginal leiomyosarcoma from Brazil.

No presente trabalho, foram descritos os achados clínicos, patológicos e imunohistoquímicos de uma vaca da raça Senepol, 12 anos, com leiomiossarcoma vaginal, de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. O animal apresentou massa ulcerada localizada entre a base e parede lateral-esquerda da vagina. A histopatologia revelou uma neoplasia formada por células fusiformes a arredondadas que demonstraram pleomorfismo celular, anisocariose, nucléolos proeminentes e múltiplos, com raras células gigantes tumorais. O crescimento neoplásico invadiu o tecido adiposo adjacente e continha áreas de hemorragia com discreto acúmulo de células inflamatórias. A maioria das células neoplásicas expressou actina na avaliação imunohistoquímica, enquanto a imunoreatividade para desmina foi fracamente expressa. Os achados suportam o diagnóstico de leiomiossarcoma e representa a primeira descrição de leiomiossarcoma vaginal em bovinos no Brasil.

Pandemia do vírus influenza A H1N1: experiência da abordagem pediátrica no Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG / Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 virus: pediatric experience in the Clinical Hospital of UFMG

Introdução: apresenta-se revisão histórica com as características do vírus influenza A H1N1 e a evolução da pandemia. Objetivos: observar o comportamento da população pediátrica e comparar temporalmente as ações e as recomendações dos protocolos do Ministério da Saúde vigentes em cada momento. Métodos: trata-se de estudo descritivo das ações tomadas pelo Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas para atendimento hospitalar e ambulatorial pediátrico dos casos suspeitos ou confirmados de infecção pelo novo vírus. Resultados: nas publicações mundiais atuais, a infecção pelo vírus influenza A H1N1 na faixa pediátrica mostrou ter mais gravidade nos pacientes com comorbidades. A evolução das crianças que não apresentavam comorbidades foi semelhante à da influenza sazonal. Conclusões: é importante o levantamento de dados brasileiros no preparo para uma possível segunda onda de infecção por esse vírus ou outro mutante. (AU)

Introduction: This is a historical review of the influenza A vírus H1N1 subtype and the pandemic evolution. Objectives: To observe the behavior of the pediatric population and to compare over time the actions and recommendations of the protocols of the Ministério da Saúde in effect at any time. Methods: This is a descriptive study of the actions taken by the Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais for hospital and outpatient pediatric cases of suspected or confirmed infection by this new virus. Results: The current publications worldwide show that the infection with influenza A H1N1 in pediatric patients was shown to be more serious in patients with comorbidities. The development of children who had no comorbidities was similar to seasonal influenza. Conclusions: Data collection in Brazil is important in preparation for a possible second infection stage by this virus or other mutants. (AU)

A técnica de debriefing psicológico em acidentes e desastres / The psychological debriefing technique in accidents and disasters

Este estudo faz uma revisão crítica não sistemática, acerca da literatura sobre ações em Saúde Mental junto a acidentes e desastres. Descreve e compara os principais modelos teóricos da técnica denominada Debriefing Psicológico, a mais utilizada mundialmente frente a Incidentes Críticos. Discute e sugere uma possível complementaridade do Debriefing com outra técnica psicológica, o Defusing. Fornece também subsídios para um correto diagnóstico psicológico-psiquiátrico das síndromes pós-traumáticas agudas e crônicas, apresentando critérios comparativos entre a impressão clínica, a CID-10 e o DSM-IV, propiciando a implementação de uma correta estratégia terapêutica. Conclui pela adequação do uso do Debriefing Psicológico, como parte de um programa maior de atenção em Saúde Mental que inclua também administração de crise e cuidados pós-traumáticos.

This study aims at summarizing the literature on Mental Health actions and interventions to be taken in the course of accidents and disasters. Presents and compares the main theoretical models of technique called Psychological Debriefing, the most used front of Critical Incidents, discussing the possible complementarily of this with another technique well discussed, the Defusing. Also examines and compares the Clinical impression, the ICD-10 and DSM-IV about Post-traumatic Syndrome (chronicle or not) establishing the basis to a correct psychological-psychiatric diagnosis. Ends up proposing that the use of Psychological Debriefing is adequate how part of a highest programme in Mental Health that does include Crisis Administration and Post-traumatic care.

La technique debriefing psychologique dans des accidents et des désastresRésuméCette étude fait une révision critique non systématique concernant la littérature sur des actions dans Santé Mentale au sujet d’accidents et de désastres. Il décrit et compare les principaux modèles théoriques de la technique nommée Debriefing Psychologique, la plus utilisée mondialement dans les Incidents Critiques. Il discute et suggère une possible complémentarité du Debriefing avec autre technique psychologique, le Defusing. Il fournit aussi des aides à un diagnostic correct psychologique- psychiatrique des syndromes post-traumatiques aigus et chroniques, en présentant des critères comparatifs entre l’impression clinique, à la CID-10 et la DSM-IV, en rendant propice la mise en oeuvre d’une stratégie thérapeutique correcte. Il conclut par l’adéquation de l’utilisation du Debriefing Psychologique, comme une partie d’un programme plus grand d’attention en Santé Mentale qui inclut aussi l’administration de crise et soins post-traumatiques.