ABSTRACT
An autoimmune hypothesis has been suggested for several disorders in childhood. The aim of the study was to clarify the role of the cerebellum in ADHD and to evaluate the possible association between anti-Yo antibodies and ADHD. The presence/absence of antibodies was tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay on 30 combined subtype ADHD children, on 19 children with other psychiatric disorders (Oppositional-defiant and Conduct Disorders, Dyslexia) and 27 healthy controls. Results showed a significant positive response to the anti-Yo antibody immunoreactivity in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum of ADHD children, compared with the control group and the psychiatric non-ADHD children. This association points to an immune dysregulation and the involvement of the cerebellum in ADHD.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/immunology , Biomarkers/analysis , Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis , Purkinje Cells/immunology , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/metabolism , Autoantibodies/immunology , Autoantigens/immunology , Blotting, Western , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Pilot Projects , Purkinje Cells/metabolismABSTRACT
Outcomes obtained in patients with two-tendon rotator cuff tear submitted to repair reinforced with porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) have not been as encouraging as those observed in animal models. We verify the capacity of SIS to be used as a physical support for a culture of cuff cells. During arthroscopic repairs of large rotator cuff tears, we removed a fragment of supraspinatus tendon. Samples were treated for obtaining a cuff cell culture. Daily microscopic analysis, to observe adhesion to substrate, replication and cell shape was performed. A confluent monolayer was obtained in 1 week. Cells at the second passage were collected and seeded onto scaffold and cultured for 7-30 days. A morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation was performed. After 1 week, a monolayer of tendinous-like cells lay along the surface of the SIS. Within two weeks, a multicellular layer was observable in many foci of the scaffold. After a month, the cells completely invaded the numerous splits of the SIS and were positive to monoclonal anti-type I collagen antibody. Our experimental study has proved that a cuff cell culture can be performed using SIS as substrate. The culture covers the SIS surface, therefore it may reduce immune or non-specific inflammatory reactions.
