ABSTRACT
We describe the management of atrophic nonunion in a fracture of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in a patient who presented one and a half years after the injury. By using threaded external fixators applied across the fracture nonunion, stability for active mobilization of the metacarpophalangeal joint was achieved. The gradual distraction resulted in correction of the deformity and the shortening, as well as creation of an adequate space between the bone ends. Bone grafting and compression of the fracture with the same fixators followed. Consolidation of the fracture occurred within five months. Follow-up examination two and a half years postoperatively revealed complete remodeling of the fracture and excellent function of the hand.
Subject(s)
External Fixators , Fracture Fixation/instrumentation , Fractures, Ununited/therapy , Thumb/injuries , Adult , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Fixation/methods , Fractures, Ununited/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Metacarpophalangeal Joint/diagnostic imaging , Metacarpophalangeal Joint/surgery , Radiography , Range of Motion, Articular , Thumb/diagnostic imaging , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Retinoblastoma usually presents in children younger than 5 years. To our knowledge, 20 cases of retinoblastoma in adults (older than 20 years) have been reported in the literature. Of 173 patients with histopathologically proven retinoblastoma seen in our institute, three were adults. All the patients had endophytic tumors with vitreous seeds. Ultrasonography did not reveal calcification in two cases. Immunohistochemistry with neuron-specific enolase was used to confirm the diagnosis in two cases. All three patients ultimately required enucleation. None of the patients had been referred with a diagnosis of retinoblastoma. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma should be considered in cases of whitish mass lesion in the fundus of an adult.
