Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: early results of a minimally invasive procedure in patients with obesity.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty at 3 months as well as to determine factors influencing post-procedural weight loss. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with obesity classes I, II and III (BMI 31.1-46.6 kg/m2) underwent ESG between September 2021 and April 2022 at a tertiary care hospital using Overstitch (Apollo Endosurgery, Austin, TX). ESG's efficacy and safety was evaluated at 1 and 3 months post-procedure with regard to excess weight loss (EWL) and total weight loss (TWL). Categorical variables were expressed as percentages and compared with chi-square test while continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and compared with paired t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) as applicable. Pearson's correlation was used to determine association between factors at baseline and weight loss. RESULTS: Mean age was 49.2 ± 9.7 years with 61 (83.6%) patients being female. Mean initial weight was 105.7 ± 15.7 kg, and mean BMI was 38.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2. Median hospitalization was 2.0 ± 1.8 days with 62 (84.9%) patients discharged after 24 h. One patient had accidental suturing of the stomach to the abdominal wall and diaphragm which was managed laparoscopically. Mean %EWL was 25.4 ± 7.1 and 36.3 ± 11.4, and %TBWL was 11.2 ± 2.6 and 15.8 ± 4.2 at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Significant excess weight loss at 3 months was only observed in patients with BMI < 40 kg/m2 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ESG is safe and effective to manage obesity. Significant weight loss at 3 months was only observed in patients with obesity class I and class II.

Self-Regulated Learning and Working Memory Determine Problem-Solving Accuracy in Math.

This study aims to understand the role of self-regulated learning (SRL) and its different processes in the relationship between working memory (WM) and problem-solving accuracy in math in primary school children. A sample of 269 primary school children (Mage = 8.84, SD = 0.81, 58% boys) participated in this study. Tasks were used as intervention resources to assess children's WM (i.e., reading and computation span tasks), SRL (i.e., a digital game), and performance (i.e., the performance in the game, as well as a traditional math problem). Through structural equation modeling, results revealed that WM predicted children's SRL and their problem-solving accuracy in math, such that those with higher capability for temporary storage attained better accuracy. Accordingly, children's SRL explained the relationship between WM capacity and problem-solving accuracy in math; such that the indirect effect of WM capacity through SRL was lower on problem-solving accuracy in math. Results indicated that the planning phase was a greater indicator of students' SRL in problem-solving accuracy in math. These results highlight the importance of SRL competencies in explaining children's performance in problem-solving in math.

Self-Regulated Learning and Working Memory Determine Problem-Solving Accuracy in Math

This study aims to understand the role of self-regulated learning (SRL) and its different processes in the relationship between working memory (WM) and problem-solving accuracy in math in primary school children. A sample of 269 primary school children (Mage = 8.84, SD = 0.81, 58% boys) participated in this study. Tasks were used as intervention resources to assess children’s WM (i.e., reading and computation span tasks), SRL (i.e., a digital game), and performance (i.e., the performance in the game, as well as a traditional math problem). Through structural equation modeling, results revealed that WM predicted children’s SRL and their problem-solving accuracy in math, such that those with higher capability for temporary storage attained better accuracy. Accordingly, children’s SRL explained the relationship between WM capacity and problem-solving accuracy in math; such that the indirect effect of WM capacity through SRL was lower on problem-solving accuracy in math. Results indicated that the planning phase was a greater indicator of students’ SRL in problem-solving accuracy in math. These results highlight the importance of SRL competencies in explaining children’s performance in problem-solving in math. (AU)

Genetic diversity and population structure of Cynara cardunculus L. in southern Portugal.

Cynara cardunculus L. is a cardoon species native to the Mediterranean region, which is composed of three botanical taxa, each having distinct biological characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine wild populations of C. cardunculus established in Portugal, in order to determine their genetic diversity, geographic distribution, and population structure. Based on SSR markers, 121 individuals of C. cardunculus from 17 wild populations of the Portuguese Alentejo region were identified and analysed. Ten SSRs were found to be efficient markers in the genetic diversity analysis. The total number of alleles ranged from 9 to 17 per locus. The expected and observed means in heterozygosity, by population analysed, were 0.591 and 0.577, respectively. The wild population exhibited a high level of genetic diversity at the species level. The highest proportion of genetic variation was identified within a geographic group, while variation was lower among groups. Geographic areas having highest genetic diversity were identified in Alvito, Herdade da Abóboda, Herdade da Revilheira and Herdade de São Romão populations. Moreover, significant genetic differentiation existed between wild populations from North-Alentejo geographic locations (Arraiolos, Évora, Monte da Chaminé) and Centro Hortofrutícola, compared with other populations. This study reports genetic diversity among a representative number of wild populations and genotypes of C. cardunculus from Portugal. These results will provide valuable information towards future management of C. cardunculus germplasm.

Evaluation of gas holes in "Queijo de Nisa" PDO cheese using computer vision.

"Queijo de Nisa" is a traditional Portuguese cheese, granted with PDO label, produced with raw ewe's milk in which the aqueous extract of cardoon flower Cynara cardunculus L. is the only coagulant allowed. As in similar cheeses with no use of starter cultures or pasteurisation, the quality and food safety are depending on prevention, high hygienic standards and a proper manufacturing process. This study investigated the use of computer vision as novel method for the evaluation of gas holes in Queijo de Nisa in three different ripening dates (0, 15 and 35 days). A total of 48 samples were produced using cardoon flower from three different origins (C1, C2 and C3) and a commercial vegetable coagulant (C4). The results presented a high correlation between image-dependent attributes and physical-chemical properties during ripening time, especially within the first 15 days of ripening time, where major structural changes were observed inside the Queijo de Nisa cheese. Principal component analysis presented a strong correlation (p < 0.05) between image parameters and the physical-chemical evolution until 15 days. From 15 to 35 days, the evolution of cheeses was mainly depending on structural parameters, like G'1 Hz and hardness. No influence was observed due to the geographical origin of cardoon flower.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Breast Epithelial Cells Differentially Reprogram Glucose and Lipid Metabolism upon Treatment with Triterpenic Acids.

Plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenic acids (TAs) have gained increasing attention due to their multiple biological activities. Betulinic acid (BA) and ursolic acid (UA) modulate diverse pathways in carcinogenesis, offering increased changes of success in refractory cancers, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The present work aimed to assess the metabolic effects of BA and UA in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (TNBC model), as well as in MCF-10A non-cancer breast epithelial cells, with a view to unveiling the involvement of metabolic reprogramming in cellular responses to these TAs. Cell viability and cell cycle analyses were followed by assessment of changes in the cells exo- and endometabolome through 1H NMR analysis of cell culture medium supernatants, aqueous and organic cell extracts. In MDA-MB-231 cells, BA was suggested to induce a transient upregulation of glucose consumption and glycolytic conversion, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intensification, and hydrolysis of neutral lipids, while UA effects were much less pronounced. In MCF-10A cells, boosting of glucose metabolism by the two TAs was accompanied by diversion of glycolytic intermediates to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and the synthesis of neutral lipids, possibly stored in detoxifying lipid droplets. Additionally, breast epithelial cells intensified pyruvate consumption and TCA cycle activity, possibly to compensate for oxidative impairment of pyruvate glycolytic production. This study provided novel insights into the metabolic effects of BA and UA in cancer and non-cancer breast cells, thus improving current understanding of the action of these compounds at the molecular level.

[Preparing For the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Perspective of a Department of Anesthesiology in a Tertiary Hospital in Portugal]. / Preparação para a Pandemia COVID-19: A Perspetiva de um Serviço de Anestesiologia de um Hospital Terciário em Portugal.

Since the detection of the first cases of COVID-19, reported by the People's Republic of China on the 31st December 2019, up to the confirmation of the first cases in Portugal, on the 2nd March, countries like Italy and Spain faced the collapse of their healthcare systems. Anticipating this possibility, the Portuguese National Health Service carried out measures to prepare for this reality. This paper describes the changes implemented in the Anesthesiology department of a tertiary hospital center in Portugal, aiming to ensure the safety of both patients and healthcare professionals. The measures implemented had to do mostly with scientific preparation and team reorganization; management of personal protective equipment; redesigning the department's clinical common areas, separation of patient circuits with creation of a designated COVID Operating Room, Post-Anesthetic Care Unit; rescheduling of elective surgery and testing all patients before anesthesia procedures and consulting other hospital departments. The reported data covers the period between the 2nd March and the 30th April of 2020. In this period, 64 cases with COVID-19 or with high clinical suspicion were approached. To date, there have been no cases of in-hospital spread to other patients or to professionals in this department. With this paper we intend to start a reflection that will end up with the optimization of strategies that allows health systems to deal better with COVID-19, keeping patients and health providers safe.

Desde os primeiros casos de COVID-19 reportados pela República Popular da China, a 31 de dezembro de 2019, até à confirmação dos primeiros casos em Portugal, a 2 de março, países como Itália e Espanha depararam-se com o colapso dos seus sistemas de saúde. Antevendo essa possibilidade, o Serviço Nacional de Saúde preparou-se para enfrentar esta nova realidade. Neste documento descreve-se especificamente a preparação do serviço de Anestesiologia de um centro hospitalar terciário português, por forma a garantir a segurança dos seus doentes e profissionais de saúde. As medidas implementadas incidiram na preparação científica e reorganização das equipas; gestão do equipamento de proteção individual; reorganização dos espaços comuns do serviço; separação dos fluxos de doentes com a criação do Bloco Operatório e Unidade de Cuidados Pós-Anestésicos COVID; reprogramação da cirurgia eletiva; rastreio de todos os doentes propostos a procedimentos anestésicos e consultoria a outros serviços. Os dados apresentados compreendem a atividade desenvolvida entre 2 de março e 30 de abril de 2020. Nesse período foram abordados 64 casos com COVID-19 ou com elevada suspeita clínica, sendo que até à data não foram registados casos de contágio intra-hospitalar de outros doentes ou de profissionais neste serviço. Com este trabalho pretende-se iniciar uma reflexão que culmine numa futura otimização de estratégias que permitam aos serviços de saúde lidar com a COVID-19, mantendo a segurança dos outros doentes e dos profissionais de saúde.

Skin sensitization in silico protocol.

The assessment of skin sensitization has evolved over the past few years to include in vitro assessments of key events along the adverse outcome pathway and opportunistically capitalize on the strengths of in silico methods to support a weight of evidence assessment without conducting a test in animals. While in silico methods vary greatly in their purpose and format; there is a need to standardize the underlying principles on which such models are developed and to make transparent the implications for the uncertainty in the overall assessment. In this contribution, the relationship between skin sensitization relevant effects, mechanisms, and endpoints are built into a hazard assessment framework. Based on the relevance of the mechanisms and effects as well as the strengths and limitations of the experimental systems used to identify them, rules and principles are defined for deriving skin sensitization in silico assessments. Further, the assignments of reliability and confidence scores that reflect the overall strength of the assessment are discussed. This skin sensitization protocol supports the implementation and acceptance of in silico approaches for the prediction of skin sensitization.

Epidemiology and Estimated Cost of Surgery for Chronic Subdural Hematoma Conducted by the Unified Health System in Brazil (2008­2016)

Introduction Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is one of the most frequent forms of intracranial hemorrhage. It is a collection of encapsulated, well-delimited fluid and/or coagulated blood in several clotting stages located between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. Objective To describe the epidemiological aspects of CSH described in the database of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym) regarding admission numbers, hospitalization expenses, health care professional expenses, mortality rate, and death numbers by region from 2008 to the first half of 2016. Methods The present work was performed between August and September 2016 with a review about the epidemiological aspects of CSH in Brazil according to the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) database, encompassing the period from January 2008 to June 2016, and to scientific papers from the past 10 years which were electronically published at the PubMed, Scielo, and LILACS databases. Results From 2008 to the first half of 2016, the total values were the following: hospital admission authorizations (HAAs). 33,878; hospital expenses, BRL 65,909,429.22; health care professional expenses, BRL 25,158,683.21; deaths, 2,758; and mortality rates ranging from 6.47 to 12.63%. Conclusion In spite of the high clinical relevance of CSH, epidemiological studies about this condition are limited. As such, the present paper is an updated approach on CSH, focusing on its epidemiological aspects according to the DATASUS database.

Apreendendo a inclusão social sob o olhar das representações sociais / Apprehend social inclusion under the eyes of social representations / Aprehendiendo la inclusión social bajo la mirada de las representaciones sociales

Este estudo objetivou apreender as representações sociais (RS) acerca da inclusão social, elaboradas por pessoas com deficiência visual. Participaram deste estudo 30 pessoas com idade entre 18 e 69 anos, M = 34,2 e DP = 14,4, contatadas em duas instituições públicas, que responderam a um questionário psicossociológico e à entrevista em profundidade. Os dados foram processados pelo SPSS 19.0 e pelo Alceste, e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e análise lexical. Os resultados apontaram que as RS da inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência visual foram objetivadas por meio das expressões: ambiente físico escolar inadequado, dificuldade na acessibilidade urbana, equipe educacional despreparada para lidar com a diversidade, distância entre as leis e sua aplicabilidade e desconhecimento dos direitos sociais. Ancorado na dialética inclusão/exclusão evidenciada nos aspectos multifacetados desse processo, pelos enunciados percebeu-se que os participantes têm consciência da importância da educação no processo de inclusão à sociedade, uma vez que esta propicia o acesso ao mercado de trabalho, ao lazer e à conquista da cidadania. Espera-se que os resultados possam contribuir para uma melhor conscientização por parte da sociedade no que tange à inclusão/exclusão social no contexto da deficiência visual.(AU)

This study aimed to identify social representations elaborated by visually impaired people about social inclusion. The study included 30 people aged 18 to 69 years, M = 34,2 e SD = 14,4 contacted in two public institutions that answered to a psychosocial questionnaire and in-depth interview. Data were processed by SPSS 19.0 and Alceste programs and analyzed using descriptive statistics and lexical analysis. The results showed that social representations elaborated by visually impaired people on social inclusion were objectified by the expressions: inadequate scholar environment, difficulty in urban accessibility, unprepared educational staff to deal with diversity, distance between laws and their applicability, unfamiliarity of social rights. Anchored in the dialectic inclusion / exclusion evidenced in the multifaceted aspects of this process, the statements showed that the participants are aware of the importance of education in the process of inclusion in society, since it provides access to the labor market, leisure and the conquest of citizenship. It is expected that the results can contribute to a better awareness by society in regard to social inclusion / exclusion in the context of visual impairment.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo aprehender las representaciones sociales sobre la inclusión social elaboradas por discapacitados visuales. En el estudio participaron 30 personas, de entre 18 y 69 años, M = 34,2 y DP = 14,4, contactados en dos instituciones públicas que respondieron a un cuestionario psicosocial y a una entrevista en profundidad. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el programa SPSS 19.0 y el programa Alceste y fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva y análisis léxico. Los resultados mostraron que las representaciones de inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad visual se objetivaron por medio de las expresiones: ambiente físico escolar inadecuado, dificultad en la accesibilidad urbana, personal educativo no preparado para lidiar con la diversidad, distancia entre las leyes y su aplicabilidad y el desconocimiento de los derechos sociales. Basadas en la dialéctica de inclusión / exclusión, que se evidenció en los múltiples aspectos de este proceso, las declaraciones dieron cuenta de que los participantes son conscientes de la importancia de la educación en el proceso de integración en la sociedad, ya que proporciona el acceso al mercado de trabajo, al ocio y a la conquista de ciudadanía. Se espera que los resultados puedan contribuir a una mejor concientización por parte de la sociedad con respecto a la inclusión / exclusión social en el contexto de la discapacidad visual.(AU)

Accuracy of spirometry for detection of asthma: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with airway hyperresponsiveness. Spirometry is the most commonly used test among asthmatic patients. Another functional test used for diagnosing asthma is the bronchial challenge test. The aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy of spirometry for detecting asthma in the general population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study with data analysis to evaluate the accuracy of spirometry through calculating sensitivity, specificity and predictive values and through the kappa agreement test. METHODS: Subjects who constituted a birth cohort were enrolled at the age of 23 to 25 years. Spirometric abnormality was defined as reduced forced expiratory volume in one second, i.e. lower than 80% of the predicted value. Measurement of bronchial responsiveness was performed by means of the bronchial challenge test with methacholine. The gold-standard diagnosis of asthma was defined as the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in association with respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: Asthma was detected in 200 subjects (10.4%) out of the sample of 1922 individuals. Spirometric abnormality was detected in 208 subjects (10.9%) of the sample. The specificity of spirometric abnormality for detecting asthma was 90%, sensitivity was 23%, positive predictive value was 22%, and negative predictive value was 91%. The kappa test revealed weak agreement of 0.13 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.07-0.19) between spirometry and the diagnosis of asthma. CONCLUSION: Spirometry, as a single test, has limitations for detecting asthma in the general population.

Accuracy of spirometry for detection of asthma: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with airway hyperresponsiveness. Spirometry is the most commonly used test among asthmatic patients. Another functional test used for diagnosing asthma is the bronchial challenge test. The aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy of spirometry for detecting asthma in the general population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study with data analysis to evaluate the accuracy of spirometry through calculating sensitivity, specificity and predictive values and through the kappa agreement test. METHODS: Subjects who constituted a birth cohort were enrolled at the age of 23 to 25 years. Spirometric abnormality was defined as reduced forced expiratory volume in one second, i.e. lower than 80% of the predicted value. Measurement of bronchial responsiveness was performed by means of the bronchial challenge test with methacholine. The gold-standard diagnosis of asthma was defined as the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in association with respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: Asthma was detected in 200 subjects (10.4%) out of the sample of 1922 individuals. Spirometric abnormality was detected in 208 subjects (10.9%) of the sample. The specificity of spirometric abnormality for detecting asthma was 90%, sensitivity was 23%, positive predictive value was 22%, and negative predictive value was 91%. The kappa test revealed weak agreement of 0.13 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.07-0.19) between spirometry and the diagnosis of asthma. CONCLUSION: Spirometry, as a single test, has limitations for detecting asthma in the general population.

Enzymatic saccharification and bioethanol production from Cynara cardunculus pretreated by steam explosion.

The correct choice of the specific lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment allows obtaining high biomass conversions for biorefinery implementations and cellulosic bioethanol production from renewable resources. Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) pretreated by steam explosion (SE) was involved in second-generation bioethanol production using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes. Steam explosion pretreatment led to partial solubilisation of hemicelluloses and increased the accessibility of residual polysaccharides towards enzymatic hydrolysis revealing 64% of sugars yield against 11% from untreated plant material. Alkaline extraction after SE pretreatment of cardoon (CSEOH) promoted partial removal of degraded lignin, tannins, extractives and hemicelluloses thus allowing to double glucose concentration upon saccharification step. Bioethanol fermentation in SSF mode was faster than SHF process providing the best results: ethanol concentration 18.7 g L(-1), fermentation efficiency of 66.6% and a yield of 26.6g ethanol/100 g CSEOH or 10.1 g ethanol/100 g untreated cardoon.

Diplomados do ensino superior na transição para o trabalho: vivências e significados / University graduates in transition to the labor market: experiences and meanings / Diplomados de la enseñanza superior en la transición al trabajo: vivencias y significados

O presente trabalho reporta os dados de uma investigação que procurou explorar o significado que a transição para o (des)emprego assume para os jovens adultos diplomados do ensino superior. Um questionário geral, a escala Latent and Manifest Benefits of Work (LAMB-Scale) e o General Health Questionnaire - 12 (GHQ-12) foram aplicados a uma amostra de 577 diplomados do ensino superior (321 desempregados e 256 empregados). Os resultados indicam diferenças significativas na percepção de privação no acesso aos benefícios do trabalho e na percepção de mal-estar, entre desempregados e empregados, bem como entre desempregados à procura de um primeiro emprego e com experiência profissional prévia. Os resultados são apresentados e analisados, considerando as suas principais implicações a nível psicológico, social e institucional.

This work presents the results of a study aimed to explore the meanings of the transition to (un)employment for university graduates. A general questionnaire, the Latent and Manifest Benefits of Work (LAMB-Scale) and the General Health Questionnaire - 12 (GHQ-12) were applied to a sample of 577 university graduates (321 unemployed and 256 employed). The main results show differences of perception about deprivation of work benefits and perception of psychological distress among the employed and unemployed, and also among those who are looking for a first job and those who have had some previous job experience. The results are presented and discussed, considering their main psychological, social and institutional implications.

Este trabajo informa los datos de una investigación que buscó explorar el significado que la transición al (des)empleo asume para los jóvenes adultos diplomados de la enseñanza superior. Un cuestionario general, la escala Latent and Manifest Benefits of Work (LAMB-Scale) y el General Health Questionnaire - 12 (GHQ-12) se aplicaron a una muestra de 577 diplomados de la enseñanza superior (321 desempleados y 256 empleados). Los resultados indican diferencias significativas en la percepción de privación en el acceso a los beneficios del trabajo y en la percepción de malestar entre desempleados y empleados, así como entre desempleados en busca de un primer empleo y con experiencia profesional previa. Los resultados son presentados y analizados, considerando sus principales implicaciones a nivel psicológico, social e institucional.

Diplomados do ensino superior na transição para o trabalho: vivências e significados / University graduates in transition to the labor market: experiences and meanings / Diplomados de la enseñanza superior en la transición al trabajo: vivencias y significados

O presente trabalho reporta os dados de uma investigação que procurou explorar o significado que a transição para o (des)emprego assume para os jovens adultos diplomados do ensino superior. Um questionário geral, a escala Latent and Manifest Benefits of Work (LAMB-Scale) e o General Health Questionnaire - 12 (GHQ-12) foram aplicados a uma amostra de 577 diplomados do ensino superior (321 desempregados e 256 empregados). Os resultados indicam diferenças significativas na percepção de privação no acesso aos benefícios do trabalho e na percepção de mal-estar, entre desempregados e empregados, bem como entre desempregados à procura de um primeiro emprego e com experiência profissional prévia. Os resultados são apresentados e analisados, considerando as suas principais implicações a nível psicológico, social e institucional.(AU)

This work presents the results of a study aimed to explore the meanings of the transition to (un)employment for university graduates. A general questionnaire, the Latent and Manifest Benefits of Work (LAMB-Scale) and the General Health Questionnaire - 12 (GHQ-12) were applied to a sample of 577 university graduates (321 unemployed and 256 employed). The main results show differences of perception about deprivation of work benefits and perception of psychological distress among the employed and unemployed, and also among those who are looking for a first job and those who have had some previous job experience. The results are presented and discussed, considering their main psychological, social and institutional implications.(AU)

Este trabajo informa los datos de una investigación que buscó explorar el significado que la transición al (des)empleo asume para los jóvenes adultos diplomados de la enseñanza superior. Un cuestionario general, la escala Latent and Manifest Benefits of Work (LAMB-Scale) y el General Health Questionnaire - 12 (GHQ-12) se aplicaron a una muestra de 577 diplomados de la enseñanza superior (321 desempleados y 256 empleados). Los resultados indican diferencias significativas en la percepción de privación en el acceso a los beneficios del trabajo y en la percepción de malestar entre desempleados y empleados, así como entre desempleados en busca de un primer empleo y con experiencia profesional previa. Los resultados son presentados y analizados, considerando sus principales implicaciones a nivel psicológico, social e institucional.(AU)

Políticas de emprego, políticas de populaçäo e direitos sociais / Employment policies, population policies and social rights

Diante das propostas governamentais de reformas estruturais na sociedade brasileira, configura as tendências relativas ao mercado de trabalho, emprego, migraçöes, populaçäo, planejamento familiar e a regulamentaçäo/desregulamentaçäo dos direitos dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras