ABSTRACT
Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a major cause of epidemic abortion, neonatal mortality, respiratory disease and neurological disorders in horses. In South America, the virus has been isolated in Brazil, Argentina and Colombia. In Chile pathological findings from one aborted foetus have been reported, and in Uruguay only serological data about EHV-1 activity have been found. Some pathological findings were reported in Uruguay several years ago, but these data have never been officially confirmed. The present work describes the relevant findings of a study of EHV-1 infections in the Uruguayan equine population using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histological and immunohistochemical analysis techniques. The sequence analysis of a portion of the glycoprotein C gene amplified by PCR confirmed EHV-1 activity. The real-time PCR revealed the association of the virus with the non-neuropathogenic genotype. This study describes for the first time the immunohistochemical and molecular detection of EHV-1 in Uruguay.
Subject(s)
Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary , Herpesvirus 1, Equid/isolation & purification , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Aborted Fetus/pathology , Aborted Fetus/virology , Abortion, Veterinary/virology , Animals , Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis , Herpesviridae Infections/microbiology , Herpesviridae Infections/pathology , Herpesvirus 1, Equid/genetics , Horse Diseases/microbiology , Horse Diseases/pathology , Horses , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary , UruguayABSTRACT
Three animal species were used for the experimental pathogenicity of fourteen out of a total of thirty strains of atypical mycobacteria which were isolated from lymph nodes of healthy pigs in the surrounding area of Montevideo. White mice, hamsters and meriones were inoculated by intraperitoneal, intravenous or intracardiac routes. These animals were observed for either one year or until death, if death occurred during that year. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were studied. Smears and cultures were also performed. This method led to a better knowledge of the pathogenicity of the following atypical mycobacteria species: Mycobacterium kansasii, MAIS complex and M. chelonae. It showed that some saprophyte strains belonging to terrae and vaccae complex were able to develop a pathogenicity. The hamster appeared to be the most sensitive animal.
Subject(s)
Gerbillinae/microbiology , Mice/microbiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/pathology , Mycobacterium Infections/pathology , Mycobacterium/pathogenicity , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/pathogenicity , Rodentia/microbiology , Animals , Female , Lung/pathology , Lymph Nodes/pathology , MaleABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio preliminar para determinar la reacción de los tejidos en ovinos vacunados con vacuna antiaftosa con adyuvante oleoso, según la vía de inoculación y dosis variables de vacuna. Con base en las observaciones de campo, inspección veterinaria en playa de faena y estudios histológicos se hicieron las siguientes observaciones: a) no existieron diferencias significativas en las reacciones macroscópicas y microscópicas entre las vacunas oleosas preparadas en emulsión simple o doble; b) al igual que lo ya demostrado en la especie bovina, este tipo de vacunas puede ser administrado por vía intramuscular utilizando el tercio anterior de la tabla de cuello como punto de elección; c) la vía intraperitoneal fue inocua y se sugiere la realización de futuros estudios conducentes a determinar si esta vía es aplicable en el campo, especialmente cuando se usa la emulsión doble; d) se deberá determinar la respuesta inmunitaria para la especie ovina, por las distinas vías y a diferentes dosis.
A preliminary study was conducted to determine tissue response in sheep vaccinated with oil-adjuvanted foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, according to route of inoculation and varying vaccine doses. Based on field observations, veterinary inspection at slaughterhouse and histological studies, the following observations were made: (a) no signigicant differences were observed in the macroscopic or microscopic reactions of the oil- adjuvanted vaccines prepared as primary or double emulsions; (b) as previously demonstrated in cattle, this type of vaccine can be administered intramuscularly in the forward third part of the flat of the neck; (c) the intraperitoneal route was innocuous, and it is suggested that future studies be conducted to ascertain whether this route is applicable in the field, especially when double emulsion is utilized; (d) the immune response should be determined in sheep for the different routes and varying doses.
